The persistence of seeds of 16 weed species over six years in two arable fields

Lutman, P. J. W.; Cussans, G. W.; Wright, Kathryn; Wilson, B. J.; Wright, G. M.; Lawson, H. M.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-3180.2002.00281.x

Cited by 60 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…However, long-term studies also indicated that after 3 to 4 yr, seed mortality in undisturbed, buried seeds becomes negligible and a small fraction of volunteer winter B. napus seed readily persisted for up to one decade (Lutman et al 2003). When compared with other common weed species in the United Kingdom, the initial seed bank decline rates of volunteer winter B. napus were among the most rapid (Lutman et al 2002;Lutman et al 2005). Dormancy * Neither domesticated B. napus nor domesticated B. rapa exhibit primary seed dormancy at maturity (Pekrun et al 1998b;Gulden et al 2004a).…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 137. Brassica napus L. and B. rapa L.

Gulden¹,

Warwick²,

Thomas³

2008

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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. 2008. The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 137. Brassica napus L. and B. rapa. Can. J. Plan Sci. 88: 951Á996. Brassica napus and B. rapa are native to Eurasia. In Canada, these species are commonly referred to as volunteer canola, while feral populations of B. rapa are referred to as birdrape. Brassica napus and B. rapa have been grown commercially for their seed oil content in western Canada since the middle of the last century and volunteer populations are common in fields. Escaped populations of both species are also found along roadways, railways and in waste areas; however, only B. rapa is known to have naturalized, self-sustaining feral populations in these habitats in eastern Canada. Despite these escaped and feral populations, B. napus and B. rapa are mainly a concern in agricultural fields where their combined relative abundance has increased over the past few decades. In the mid 1990s, herbicideresistant genotypes of B. napus were released for commercial production. Herbicide-resistance and the stacking of genes in volunteer populations conferring resistance to multiple herbicides have contributed to increased difficulties in controlling volunteer B. napus in some crops. However, yield loss resulting from volunteer populations is not well documented in Canada.Key words: Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, herbicide resistance, transgene escape, volunteer canola, weed biology Gulden, R. H., Warwick, S. I. et Thomas, A. G. 2008. La biologie des mauvaises herbes au Canada. 137. Brassica napus L. et B. rapa L. Can. J. Plant Sci. 88: 951Á996. Brassica napus et B. rapa sont des plantes originaires d'Eurasie. Au Canada, on les de´signe souvent sous l'expression « canola spontane´», tandis que les peuplements sauvages de B. rapa sont appele´s « navette ». Dans l'Ouest canadien, Brassica napus et B. rapa sont cultive´s commercialement pour l'huile que renferment leurs graines depuis le milieu du sie`cle dernier et les repousses spontane´es sont devenues monnaie courante dans les champs. On observe des peuplements des deux espe`ces le long des routes et des voies ferre´es ainsi que dans les terrains vagues, cependant on sait que seule B. rapa s'est acclimate´e pour donner des populations sauvages et stables dans les meˆmes habitats, dans l'est du pays. Malgre´cela, B. napus et B. rapa demeurent surtout pre´occupants dans les cultures, oul eur abondance relative, une fois combine´s, s'est accrue au cours des dernie`res de´cennies. Au milieu des anne´e 1990, des ge´notypes de B. napus re´sistants aux herbicides ont e´te´homologue´s pour la culture commerciale. Cette re´sistance et l'accumulation des ge`nes qui la codent dans les peuplements spontane´s ont concouru a`compliquer la lutte contre les repousses de B. napus dans certaines cultures. Quoi qu'il en soit, les pertes de rendement qui en re´sultent sont mal e´taye´es au Canada.

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Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 137. Brassica napus L. and B. rapa L.

Gulden¹,

Warwick²,

Thomas³

2008

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…As a consequence most of the shed seeds germinate within two years and fail to enter the seed bank, if appropriate germination conditions occur Hails et al, 1997;Lutman et al, 2002Lutman et al, , 2004Norris and Sweet, 2002;Roller et al, 2003). However, owing to environmental factors, some of the buried seeds can develop secondary dormancy and remain dormant for several years (Gulden, 2003;Gulden et al, 2003b;Lutman et al, 2004).…”

Section: Seed Dispersal In Timementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The duration of the persistence varies with the cultivar and the conditions of burial, with higher persistence at depth than near the surface, in heavy soils than in lighter ones, and in undisturbed environments (Chadoeuf et al, 1998;Gruber et al, 2004;Gulden, 2003;López-Granados and Lutman, 1998;Lutman et al, 2002Lutman et al, , 2004Momoh et al, 2002;Pekrun et al, 1997b;Pekrun et al, 2003;Pessel et al, 2001;Roller et al, 2003;Simard et al, 2002;Squire et al, 2003). Under normal cropping conditions ca.…”

Section: Seed Dispersal In Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Management of herbicide-tolerant oilseed rape in Europe: a case study on minimizing vertical gene flow

Devos

Reheul

Schrijver

et al. 2004

Environ. Biosafety Res.

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The potential commercialization of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) oilseed rape in Europe raises various concerns about their potential environmental and agronomic impacts, especially those associated with the escape of transgenes. Pollen of oilseed rape can be dispersed in space, resulting in the fertilization of sympatric compatible wild relatives (e.g. Brassica rapa) and oilseed rape cultivars grown nearby (GM and/or non-GM Brassica napus). The spatial and temporal dispersal of seeds of oilseed rape may lead to feral oilseed rape populations outside the cropped areas and oilseed rape volunteers in subsequent crops in the rotation. The incorporation of a HT trait(s) may increase the fitness of the recipient plants, making them more abundant and persistent, and may result in weeds that are difficult to control by the herbicide(s) to which they are tolerant. Vertical gene flow from transgenic oilseed rape to non-GM counterparts may also have an impact on farming and supply chain management, depending on labelling thresholds for the adventitious presence of GM material in non-GM products. Given the extent of pollen and seed dispersal in oilseed rape, it is obvious that the safe and sound integration of GMHT oilseed rape in Europe may require significant on-farm and off-farm management efforts. Crucial practical measures that can reduce vertical gene flow include (1) isolating seed production of Brassica napus, (2) the use of certified seed, (3) isolating fields of GM oilseed rape, (4) harvesting at the correct crop development stage with properly adjusted combine settings, (5) ensuring maximum germination of shed seeds after harvest, (6) controlling volunteers in subsequent crops, and (7) keeping on-farm records. The implementation of the recommended practices may, however, be difficult, entailing various challenges.

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“…In a 4-year cropping rotation of oaten hay/field pea/wheat/barley, rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) seedbank declined by 86% after oaten hay in year 1 (Kleemann et al, 2016). In a seed persistence study, Lutman et al (2002) found that seed loss rates of 16 weed species over 6 years varied from 8 to 58%.…”

Section: Weed Seedbank Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-farm evaluation of integrated weed management in no-till rainfed crops in semi-arid Morocco

Tanji¹,

Gharras²,

Mayfield³

et al. 2017

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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Field studies were conducted from 2012-13 to 2014-15 to investigate the dynamics of germinable soil seedbank, density and community composition of weeds in crop rotations of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) + pea (Pisum sativum L.) and bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Oued Zem, semi-arid Morocco. In September 2012, the initial seedbank in 6 fields was 2354 seeds m -². When herbicide-free barley + pea forage mixture (cut for hay) was followed by bread wheat, seedbank reductions were 35% after the two years. When bread wheat was followed by herbicide-free barley + pea forage mixture, seedbank reductions were only 5% in two years. Prior to wheat harvest, weed densities were 82, The seedbank prior to planting and weed density prior to harvesting were strongly influenced by the most recent crop. Integrated weed management combining glyphosate before no-till planting, post-emergence herbicide use in bread wheat, haying barley + pea mixture, within the crop rotation (barley + pea/bread wheat) reduced weed seedbank by up to 35%, species richness by up to 47%, and weed density prior to wheat harvest or forage haying by up to 83%. Such changes suggest that integrated weed management practices in no-till system must be continued for more than 3 growing seasons to drastically reduce weed seedbanks and weed densities.

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The persistence of seeds of 16 weed species over six years in two arable fields

Cited by 60 publications

References 19 publications

The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 137. Brassica napus L. and B. rapa L.

The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 137. Brassica napus L. and B. rapa L.

Management of herbicide-tolerant oilseed rape in Europe: a case study on minimizing vertical gene flow

On-farm evaluation of integrated weed management in no-till rainfed crops in semi-arid Morocco

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