The pharmacokinetics of porcine glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) in man

Sarson, D. L.; Hayter, R C; Bloom, Stephen R.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1982.tb02224.x

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This observation is consistent with previous studies showing that GIP release is not directly related to gastric emptying but is governed by intestinal glucose and fat absorption (Fehmann et al 1995;Schirra et al 1996). In addition, the half-life of GIP in the circulation is remarkably long, approximately 20 min (Sarson et al 1982), and this could well account for the ®nding that in our subjects GIP levels remained elevated throughout the study period.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The physical state of a meal affects hormone release and postprandial thermogenesis

et al. 2000

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There is evidence that food consistency may in¯uence postprandial physiological responses. Recently we found that homogenization of a vegetable-rich meal signi®cantly delayed the gastric emptying rate and was more satiating than the same meal in solid±liquid form. In this present study we investigated whether homogenization also in¯uences endocrine and metabolic responses to the meal. Eight healthy men, aged 21±28 (mean 24×5) years, were given the meal (cooked vegetables 250 g, cheese 35 g, croutons 50 g and olive oil 25 g, with water 300 ml; total energy 2×6 MJ) in both solid±liquid (SM) and homogenized (HM) form, in random order, at 1-week intervals. Variables assayed were plasma glucose, insulin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) levels for 2 h and diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) for 5 h. Plasma glucose pattern was similar after both meals. However, HM induced signi®cantly greater insulin, GIP and DIT responses than SM. Mean integrated areas under the curves (AUC) were 1×7 (SEM 0×38) v. 1×2 (SEM 0×33) U/l per 120 min (P = 0×005) for insulin, 19×9 (SEM 2×44) v. 16 (SEM 1×92) nmol/l per 120 min (P = 0×042) for GIP, and 237×7 (SEM 16×32) v. 126×4 (SEM 23×48) kJ/300 min (P = 0×0029) for DIT respectively. Differences between GIP-AUC after HM and SM correlated signi®cantly with differences between insulin-AUC after HM and SM (r 2 0×62, P = 0×021). These ®ndings demonstrate that homogenization of a meal results in a coordinated series of changes of physiological gastroentero±pancreatic functions and con®rm that the physical state of the meal plays an important role in modulating endocrine and metabolic responses to food.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The physical state of a meal affects hormone release and postprandial thermogenesis

et al. 2000

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“…The MCR for GIP calculated in the present study using the C-terminal assay is in good agreement with previously reported values using assays of similar specificity (21,22). The MCR for GIP calculated in the present study using the C-terminal assay is in good agreement with previously reported values using assays of similar specificity (21,22).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…However, compared to GLP-1, GIP appears to be somewhat less susceptible to DPP IV action, which is a little surprising because in the first nine N-terminal amino acids, the two peptides differ only at positions 1 and 7. Previous studies reported a t 1/2 of approximately 20 min for GIP in man (21,22). In plasma, where DPP IV is probably the only enzyme that contributes significantly to the degradation of both peptides (12), GIP is more stable, with an in vitro t 1/2 about 4 times longer than that of 20 min for GLP-1 (5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Degradation of Endogenous and Exogenous Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide in Healthy and in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects as Revealed Using a New Assay for the Intact Peptide¹

Deacon

Nauck

Meier

et al. 2000

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

118

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Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) is susceptible to degradation, but only recently has dipeptidyl peptidase IV been identified as the enzyme responsible. Most RIAs recognize both intact GIP-(1-42) and the noninsulinotropic N-terminally truncated metabolite, GIP-(3-42), hampering measurement of plasma concentrations. The molecular nature of GIP was examined using high pressure liquid chromatography and a newly developed RIA specific for the intact N-terminus of human GIP. In healthy subjects after a mixed meal, intact GIP (N-terminal RIA) accounted for 37.0+/-2.5% of the total immunoreactivity determined by C-terminal assay. High pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of fasting samples by C-terminal assay revealed one major peak (73.8+/-2.9%) coeluting with GIP-(3-42). One hour postprandially, two major peaks were detected, corresponding to GIP-(3-42) and GIP-(1-42) (58.1+/-2.7% and 35.7+/-4.2%, respectively). GIP-(3-42) was not detected by N-terminal assay; the major peak coeluted with intact GIP (86.4+/-5.8% and 81.3+/-0.9%, 0 and 1 h, respectively). After iv infusion, intact GIP constituted 37.1+/-4.1% and 41.3+/-3.4% of the total immunoreactivity in healthy and type 2 diabetic subjects, respectively. The plasma t1/2 was shorter (P < 0.0001) when determined by N-terminal compared with C-terminal assay (7.3+/-1.0 vs. 16.8+/-1.6 and 5.2+/-0.6 vs. 12.9+/-0.9 min, healthy and diabetic subjects, respectively), and both t1/2 were shorter in the diabetic group (P < 0.05). We conclude that dipeptidyl peptidase IV is important in GIP metabolism in humans in vivo, and that an N-terminally directed assay is required for determination of plasma concentrations of biologically active GIP.

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“…For the same reason, this assay would more accurately measure the rate of GIP secretion than assays directed against biologically active GIP. Compared with GLP-1, the half-life of GIP in the circulation is remarkably long, approximately 20 min (42). However, details about its elimination are not available-for example, whether immunoreactive metabolites (other than possibly GIP 3-41) circulate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Secretion of the Incretin Hormones Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide Correlates with Insulin Secretion in Normal Man Throughout the Day

Ørskov

Wettergren

Holst

1996

Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology

237

140

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The pharmacokinetics of porcine glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) in man

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

The physical state of a meal affects hormone release and postprandial thermogenesis

The physical state of a meal affects hormone release and postprandial thermogenesis

Degradation of Endogenous and Exogenous Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide in Healthy and in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects as Revealed Using a New Assay for the Intact Peptide¹

Secretion of the Incretin Hormones Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide Correlates with Insulin Secretion in Normal Man Throughout the Day

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The pharmacokinetics of porcine glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) in man

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

The physical state of a meal affects hormone release and postprandial thermogenesis

The physical state of a meal affects hormone release and postprandial thermogenesis

Degradation of Endogenous and Exogenous Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide in Healthy and in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects as Revealed Using a New Assay for the Intact Peptide1

Secretion of the Incretin Hormones Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide Correlates with Insulin Secretion in Normal Man Throughout the Day

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Degradation of Endogenous and Exogenous Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide in Healthy and in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects as Revealed Using a New Assay for the Intact Peptide¹