The photo-chlorination of polystyrene

Bevington, J. C.; Ratti, L.

doi:10.1016/0014-3057(72)90009-2

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Electrophilic radical-mediated functionalization of aromatic polymers has historically focused on polymer halogenation. Radical bromination of polystyrene (PS) was first reported by Staudinger and subsequently studied by a number of groups and developed into a commercial process 17–21. Direct fluorination of aromatic polymers using fluorine gas was later reported by Lagow and coworkers to yield partially or perfluorinated materials 22.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upcycling aromatic polymers through C–H fluoroalkylation

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upcycling aromatic polymers through C–H fluoroalkylation

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In these polymers radical substitution reactions involving free Cl radicals occur preferably at the polystyrene main chain, whereas radical reactions at unsubstituted phenyl rings are negligible. In a similar way, the photochlorination of polystyrene lead to the introduction of Cl at the a -and b -positions of the main chain 8) . The addition of chlorine to phenyl rings was observed only at later stages of the photoreaction 8) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In a similar way, the photochlorination of polystyrene lead to the introduction of Cl at the a -and b -positions of the main chain 8) . The addition of chlorine to phenyl rings was observed only at later stages of the photoreaction 8) . Although the reactivity of Br and CN radicals differs from that of Cl radicals, we suggest that during the photomodification of polystyrene in the presence of BrCN radical reactions at XPS data showed that the surface of the modified polystyrene samples contained oxygen, which may be due to impurities in the gas stream.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Polystyrene is known to undergo crosslinking and chain fragmentation reactions under UV irradiation 17) . Likewise, the photochlorination of polystyrene was reported to be accompanied by significant degradation 8) . Therefore it is probable that crosslinking and chain scission occur in polystyrene during the photomodification with BrCN.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,5) ). In addition, the photochlorination of polymers such as poly(vinyl chloride) 6,7) and polystyrene 8) as well as the photoassisted introduction of amino groups onto fluorocarbon polymers have been reported 9) . Generally, photochemical modifications of polymer surfaces appear promising as an inexpensive alternative to plasma treatments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Surface modification of polystyrene by photoinitiated introduction of cyano groups

Meyer¹,

Kern²,

Ebel³

et al. 1999

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY: The surface of polystyrene was modified by the introduction of CN groups. This was achieved by irradiating the polymer with UV light (254 nm) in the presence of gaseous cyanogen bromide (BrCN). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and FTIR analysis showed that after irradiation both Br and CN groups were covalently bound to the polymer surface. Quantitative XPS analysis revealed that upon prolonged irradiation every second monomer unit at the surface was modified with a CN group. It was demonstrated that photochemical techniques can be employed to attach specific functional groups onto polymer surfaces.

show abstract

Photocatalytic Cracking of non‐Biodegradable Plastics to Chemicals and Fuels

Su,

Gao,

Tung

et al. 2024

Angewandte Chemie

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Plastic pollution is worsening the living conditions on Earth, primarily due to the toxicity and stability of non‐biodegradable plastics (NBPs). Photocatalytic cracking of NBPs is emerging as a promising way to cleave inert C–C bonds and abstract the carbon atoms from these wastes into valuable chemicals and fuels. However, controlling these processes is a huge challenge, ascribed to the complicated reactions of various NBPs. Herein, we summarize recent advances in the CO2 and carbon‐radical‐mediated photocatalytic cracking of NBPs, with an emphasis on the pivotal intermediates. The CO2‐mediated cracking proceeded with indiscriminate C–H/C–C bond cleavage of NBPs and tandem photoreduction of CO2, while carbon‐radical‐mediated cracking was realized by the prior activation of C–H bonds for selective C–C bond cleavage of NBPs. Catalytic generation and conversion of different intermediates greatly depend on the kinds of active species and the structure of photocatalysts under light irradiation. Meanwhile, the fate of a specific intermediate is compared with small molecule activation to reveal the key problems in the cracking of NBPs. Finally, the challenges and potential directions are discussed to improve the overall efficiency in the photocatalytic cracking of NBPs.

show abstract

The photo-chlorination of polystyrene

Cited by 13 publications

References 9 publications

Upcycling aromatic polymers through C–H fluoroalkylation

Upcycling aromatic polymers through C–H fluoroalkylation

Surface modification of polystyrene by photoinitiated introduction of cyano groups

Photocatalytic Cracking of non‐Biodegradable Plastics to Chemicals and Fuels

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About