The Photo-Polymerization of Styrene and Vinyl Acetate

Taylor, Hugh S.; Vernon, Arthur A.

doi:10.1021/ja01358a013

Cited by 35 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Very early reports already described the phenomenon of self-initiated photografting and photopolymerization (SIPGP) on various kinds of substrates. [60][61][62][63] The currently working hypothesis is based on a mechanism given by Li et al 64 UV irradiation of a substrate submerged in (ideally) a liquid bulk monomer results in considerable formation of polymer brushes by a surface-initiated free-radical grafting reaction. The monomer itself acts as the photosensitizer and is able to abstract a surface moiety (e.g.…”

Section: Patternedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterned polymer brushes

2012

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This critical review summarizes recent developments in the fabrication of patterned polymer brushes. As top-down lithography reaches the length scale of a single macromolecule, the combination with the bottom-up synthesis of polymer brushes by surface-initiated polymerization becomes one main avenue to design new materials for nanotechnology. Recent developments in surface-initiated polymerizations are highlighted along with diverse strategies to create patterned polymer brushes on all length scales based on irradiation (photo- and interference lithography, electron-beam lithography), mechanical contact (scanning probe lithography, soft lithography, nanoimprinting lithography) and on surface forces (capillary force lithography, colloidal lithography, Langmuir-Blodgett lithography) (116 references).

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Section: Patternedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterned polymer brushes

2012

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“…[1] Exemplarily, these authors showed that at 65 8C, 935 vinyl acetate molecules were reacting per light quantum (wave length 300-400 nm). Now, Bodenstein's approximation [2] of equality between rates of formation (initiation) and vanishing (termination) can be applied to analyze experimental data as the free radicals as active species (P) are present in much lower concentrations than the major components (dead polymer and monomer molecules).…”

Section: Propagation Frequency (K P [M])mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…His actual research interests are mechanism and modeling of heterophase polymerization, particle nucleation, reactive surfactants; block copolymers and block copolymer latex particles via heterophase polymerization. (1,2). In each sketch the outer and the inner circle represent two-dimensional projections of different observation volumes of the reaction system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Aspects of Radical Polymerizations—The Propagation Frequency

Tauer

Hernández

2010

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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The product of the propagation rate constant and monomer concentration is a central issue of radical polymerization. Both quantities are strongly interrelated as the determination of a reliable value of the propagation rate constant requires exact knowledge of the monomer concentration. Even for homogeneous polymerization conditions, exact knowledge of the monomer concentration at the reaction site from the molecular perspective is not trivial. For emulsion polymerizations the situation is additionally complicated by mass transfer events and colloid-chemical effects. Molecular modeling appears as an attractive alternative or complement to the deterministic kinetic description of radical polymerizations.

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“…Various initiation pro-; cesses have bccn used: thermal production of radicals from the pure nlonolner ' (18), thermal production of radicals from an added initiator ( l G ) , photochemical production of radicals from the pure monomer (3, 7, 15,22), and photochemical production of radicals from an initiator (8). The photochemical techniques possess the advantage of yielding more% data concerning the rate constants involved in the polymerization; with the fourth method it is often possible to have fairly accurate lcnowledge of the nature of the radic\al which initiates ~olvmerization.…”

Section: Uy G L Osberg? a N D D J Le Roymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(21) w, is the weight of polymer of chain length r , the intrinsic viscosity of a C[?lrw7 KCm,"w, (22) ubstitution from (18) gives…”

Section: Intrinsic Viscosity Of the Heterogeneous Polymermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Polymerization of Styrene Sensitized by Acetyl Radicals

Osberg¹,

Roy²

1951

Can. J. Chem.

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A study has been made of the polymerization of styrene in the liquid phase, initiated by acetyl radicals from the photolysis of diacetyl. The rate of consumption of monomer was proportional to the square root of the rate of light absorption; the rate of consumption of diacetyl was proportional to the first power of the rate of light absorption. The ratio of the rate constant for chain propagation to the square root of the rate constant for chain termination was found to be 3.9 × 10−3 liter1/2 mole−1/2 sec.−1/2 at 20°C. The quantum yield of diacetyl consumption was 4.0 × 10−3. By relating the kinetic data to the observed intrinsic viscosities, the exponent of the number average molecular weight in the modified Staudinger equation was found to be 0.65. The values of the corresponding K factors for homogeneous and heterogeneous polymers were 6.5 × 10−3 and 8.2 × 10−3, respectively, when the assumption was made that chain termination was by recombination; for chain termination by disproportionation the values were 8.7 × 10−3and 12.9 × 10−3, respectively, for concentrations in base moles per liter.

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The Photo-Polymerization of Styrene and Vinyl Acetate

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

Patterned polymer brushes

Patterned polymer brushes

Molecular Aspects of Radical Polymerizations—The Propagation Frequency

The Polymerization of Styrene Sensitized by Acetyl Radicals

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