The Photochemistry of Dyes II—Some Aspects of the Fading Process

Egerton, G. S.; Morgan, A. G.

doi:10.1111/j.1478-4408.1970.tb02954.x

Cited by 61 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…In contrast, a virtually unnoticeable fading is observed for the lighter shades, i.e. for a lower concentration of the Prussian blue pigment; the effect of the concentration of the pigments on the degree of fading is well known (Egerton & Morgan, 1970;Sanyova, 2001).…”

Section: Color Change In Painted Layers Of Eighteenth-century Prussiamentioning

confidence: 92%

Synthesis and fading of eighteenth-century Prussian blue pigments: a combined study by spectroscopic and diffractive techniques using laboratory and synchrotron radiation sources

Samain

Grandjean

Long

et al. 2013

J Synchrotron Radiat

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Prussian blue, a hydrated iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II) complex, is a synthetic pigment discovered in Berlin in 1704. Because of both its highly intense color and its low cost, Prussian blue was widely used as a pigment in paintings until the 1970s. The early preparative methods were rapidly recognized as a contributory factor in the fading of the pigment, a fading already known by the mid-eighteenth century. Herein two typical eighteenth-century empirical recipes have been reproduced and the resulting pigment analyzed to better understand the reasons for this fading. X-ray absorption and Mössbauer spectroscopy indicated that the early syntheses lead to Prussian blue together with variable amounts of an undesirable iron(III) product. Pair distribution functional analysis confirmed the presence of nanocrystalline ferrihydrite, Fe10O14(OH)2, and also identified the presence of alumina hydrate, Al10O14(OH)2, with a particle size of ∼15 Å. Paint layers prepared from these pigments subjected to accelerated light exposure showed a tendency to turn green, a tendency that was often reported in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century books. The presence of particles of hydrous iron(III) oxides was also observed in a genuine eighteenth-century Prussian blue sample obtained from a polychrome sculpture.

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Section: Color Change In Painted Layers Of Eighteenth-century Prussiamentioning

confidence: 92%

Synthesis and fading of eighteenth-century Prussian blue pigments: a combined study by spectroscopic and diffractive techniques using laboratory and synchrotron radiation sources

Samain

Grandjean

Long

et al. 2013

J Synchrotron Radiat

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“…A Under the normal conditions of exposure to light, both temperature and humidity affect the rate of fading of dyed textile materials. It was found that a drop in relative humidity from 65 to 45% had very little effect, but a further decrease up to 25% caused a significant reduction of fading [10]. A Atmospheric contaminants, such as sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen and ozone, are known to react with dyes even in the absence of light.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Improving light fastness of natural dyes on cotton yarn

2006

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“…The first mechanism is N-demethylation, in which the methyl group of a dye is sequentially replaced by hydrogen when exposed to light [19]. In the second mechanism the degradation occurs due to attack of a dye molecule by singlet oxygen [20,21]. In order to build the aforementioned dependencies, Raman peaks centered at 729 cm −1 corresponding to C-N vibrations and at 1580 cm −1 corresponding to complex C-C vibrations have been chosen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Aging Processes of Writing Ink: Raman Spectroscopy versus Gas Chromatography Aspects

Grechukha¹,

Gorshkova

Panov

et al. 2017

Applied Sciences

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This work is devoted to the extremely popular but poorly developed scientific and forensic problem of the estimation of the actual dates of inscriptions placed on paper and made by ballpoint pens. It is shown that the degradation of writing inks with time may be controlled via Raman spectroscopy and gas chromatography. The time intervals for the implementation of each of these methods were determined using the ratios of the Raman peak intensities as degradation characteristics rather than their absolute values. In turn, this eliminates the effect of the concentration of a dye. The mutual influence of the volatile components and dyes of writing inks was also investigated and the time interval within which such influence is critical was found. According to the obtained results, a new methodological scheme for determining the age of documents, which were created at least 40 months ago, was proposed.

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The Photochemistry of Dyes II—Some Aspects of the Fading Process

Cited by 61 publications

References 90 publications

Synthesis and fading of eighteenth-century Prussian blue pigments: a combined study by spectroscopic and diffractive techniques using laboratory and synchrotron radiation sources

Synthesis and fading of eighteenth-century Prussian blue pigments: a combined study by spectroscopic and diffractive techniques using laboratory and synchrotron radiation sources

Improving light fastness of natural dyes on cotton yarn

Analysis of the Aging Processes of Writing Ink: Raman Spectroscopy versus Gas Chromatography Aspects

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