The Physical Durability and Electrical Resistivity of Indiana Bottom Ash

Ke, Te-Chih

doi:10.5703/1288284313433

“…Evaluations of the environmental, physical and chemical characteristics of Indiana fly and bottom ash have been made previously (Diamond 1985;Huang 1990;Ke 1990). …”

Section: Objective and Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Ash Mixture Properties and Construction of Test Embankment - Part A

Yoon¹,

Balunaini²,

Prezzi³

et al. 2006

7

1

0

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Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Transportation. AbstractClass F fly ash and bottom ash are solid residue byproducts produced by coal-burning plants. They are usually disposed off with a typical disposal rate of 80 % fly ash and 20 % bottom ash. To maximize the use of the coal ash, and thus significantly reduce the disposal problem that electric utility companies and our society in general face, the direct use of ponded or landfilled ash that is composed of high proportions of fly ash would be desirable. However, a general understanding of the behavior of high volume fly ash mixtures is needed. Although there have been investigations into the properties of separated single types of ash, the studies of the fly/bottom ash mixtures, especially with high fly ash contents, are very limited.Representative samples of class F fly ash and bottom ash were collected from two utility plants in Indiana and a series of extensive laboratory tests were conducted to obtain the mechanical properties of the mixture. Since the mechanical properties of ash mixtures are dependent on the mixture proportions, the investigations evaluate fly/bottom ash mixtures with different mixture ratios (with Fly ash contents of 50%, 75%, and 100%). The results obtained are merged with other considerations relevant to embankment design and construction and used to develop guidelines on coal ash utilization in highway embankments. In order to examine suitable fly/bottom ash mixture compositions and embankment geometries, slope stability analyses were performed on ash embankments with different geometries using the different properties of the ash mixtures with different mixture ratios. The limit equilibrium method was used for the stability analyses. Additionally, the corrosion potential to metal structures, which are commonly included in highway construction, is examined by performing corrosivity tests on the ash mixtures. Key WordsFly ash, bottom ash, disposal, mixtures, embankments, highway construction. Distribution StatementNo restrictions. This document is available to the public through the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161 affect their specific gravity, particle strength, and consequently other mechanical properties to varying degrees. The impact of these morphological characteristics on mechanical properties tends to be constant for a given ash source, but vary between different ash sources.2) Fly/bottom ash mixtures (with mixture ratios ranging from 50% to 100% fly ash content) exhibit relatively well-defined moisture-density relationships, and the relationships vary with mixture ratios. As the fly ash content increases from 50% to 100% (i.e., as bottom ash content decreases from 50% to zero), w opt increases, and γ d,max decreases gradually. The values of γ d,max for compacted ash mixtures tend to vary greatly from plant to plant, due to a relatively wide range of specific gravity values from plant to plant. However, overall, the values of γ d,max of ash are lower than those of typi...

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“…High water contents typically produce low-resistivity since there are both larger areas of water for current to flow through and more complete hydrolysis of ions (Ke 1990). Therefore, the resistivity of a soil will have a minimum value when it is saturated.…”

Section: Corrosivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well known that an acid solution can cause a metal to dissolve, and the more acidic the solution, the higher the dissolution rate of the metal. Upon full hydrolysis, the acidic ions act as depolarizers, enhancing the rate of hydrogen evolution in the cathodic zone of the metal, as well as the rate of dissolution in the anodic zone of the metal (Ke 1990). Figure 4.46 shows the effect of solution pH upon the corrosion rate of iron (Scully 1990).…”

Section: Corrosivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Ash Mixture Properties and Construction of Test Embankment , Part A

Kim¹,

Yoon²,

Balunaini³

2006

1

0

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Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Transportation. AbstractClass F fly ash and bottom ash are solid residue byproducts produced by coal-burning plants. They are usually disposed off with a typical disposal rate of 80 % fly ash and 20 % bottom ash. To maximize the use of the coal ash, and thus significantly reduce the disposal problem that electric utility companies and our society in general face, the direct use of ponded or landfilled ash that is composed of high proportions of fly ash would be desirable. However, a general understanding of the behavior of high volume fly ash mixtures is needed. Although there have been investigations into the properties of separated single types of ash, the studies of the fly/bottom ash mixtures, especially with high fly ash contents, are very limited.Representative samples of class F fly ash and bottom ash were collected from two utility plants in Indiana and a series of extensive laboratory tests were conducted to obtain the mechanical properties of the mixture. Since the mechanical properties of ash mixtures are dependent on the mixture proportions, the investigations evaluate fly/bottom ash mixtures with different mixture ratios (with Fly ash contents of 50%, 75%, and 100%). The results obtained are merged with other considerations relevant to embankment design and construction and used to develop guidelines on coal ash utilization in highway embankments. In order to examine suitable fly/bottom ash mixture compositions and embankment geometries, slope stability analyses were performed on ash embankments with different geometries using the different properties of the ash mixtures with different mixture ratios. The limit equilibrium method was used for the stability analyses. Additionally, the corrosion potential to metal structures, which are commonly included in highway construction, is examined by performing corrosivity tests on the ash mixtures. Key WordsFly ash, bottom ash, disposal, mixtures, embankments, highway construction. Distribution StatementNo restrictions. This document is available to the public through the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161 affect their specific gravity, particle strength, and consequently other mechanical properties to varying degrees. The impact of these morphological characteristics on mechanical properties tends to be constant for a given ash source, but vary between different ash sources.2) Fly/bottom ash mixtures (with mixture ratios ranging from 50% to 100% fly ash content) exhibit relatively well-defined moisture-density relationships, and the relationships vary with mixture ratios. As the fly ash content increases from 50% to 100% (i.e., as bottom ash content decreases from 50% to zero), w opt increases, and γ d,max decreases gradually. The values of γ d,max for compacted ash mixtures tend to vary greatly from plant to plant, due to a relatively wide range of specific gravity values from plant to plant. However, overall, the values of γ d,max of ash are lower than those of typi...

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“…The study was conducted by two graduate students under the direction of Professor C. W. Lx)vell at Purdue University (Ke, 1990;Huang, 1990;Huang and Lovell, 1990;Ke et al 1990). The laboratory studies were performed in three phases:…”

Section: Kansasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current INDOT Standard Specifications (INDOT, 1988) (Huang, 1990;Huang and Lovell, 1990;Ke, 1990; • (Kandhal, 1990).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Waste Materials in Highway Construction

Ahmed¹

1991

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The Physical Durability and Electrical Resistivity of Indiana Bottom Ash

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Determination of Ash Mixture Properties and Construction of Test Embankment - Part A

Determination of Ash Mixture Properties and Construction of Test Embankment - Part A

Determination of Ash Mixture Properties and Construction of Test Embankment , Part A

Use of Waste Materials in Highway Construction

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