“…as underlying drivers). Given that the annual throughput of material and energy sources increased in the three case studies investigated during the period of the forest transition (Gierlinger & Krausmann, 2012 ; Gingrich et al, 2016 ; Magalhães et al, 2019 ), we expect shifts in social metabolism relieving pressures from forests while enabling increasing resource use. Figure 1.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…Data available only after 1878 Gingrich et al ( 2016 ). Data available only after 1920 Wood substitution Woodfuel importance Woodfuel as % of domestic energy consumption [%] Very good: mostly derived directly from statistics Magerl et al ( 2022 ) Magalhães et al ( 2019 ) Gingrich et al ( 2016 ) …”
Understanding the drivers of forest transitions is relevant to inform effective forest conservation. We investigate pathways of forest transitions in the United States (1920–2010), France (1850–2010), and Austria (1830–2010). By combining evidence from forest inventories with the forest model CRAFT, we first quantify how change in forest area (
ΔA
), maximum biomass density (
ΔBd
max
), and actual biomass as fraction of maximum biomass (
ΔF
max
) shaped forest dynamics. Second, to investigate the connections between forest change and societal resource use, or social metabolism, we quantify the importance of selected proximate and underlying socio-metabolic drivers. We find that agricultural intensification and reduced forest grazing correlated most with positive
ΔA and ΔBd
max
. By contrast, change in biomass imports or harvest did not explain forest change. Our findings highlight the importance of forest growth conditions in explaining long-term forest dynamics, and demonstrate the distinct ways in which resource use drove forest change.
“…as underlying drivers). Given that the annual throughput of material and energy sources increased in the three case studies investigated during the period of the forest transition (Gierlinger & Krausmann, 2012 ; Gingrich et al, 2016 ; Magalhães et al, 2019 ), we expect shifts in social metabolism relieving pressures from forests while enabling increasing resource use. Figure 1.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…Data available only after 1878 Gingrich et al ( 2016 ). Data available only after 1920 Wood substitution Woodfuel importance Woodfuel as % of domestic energy consumption [%] Very good: mostly derived directly from statistics Magerl et al ( 2022 ) Magalhães et al ( 2019 ) Gingrich et al ( 2016 ) …”
Understanding the drivers of forest transitions is relevant to inform effective forest conservation. We investigate pathways of forest transitions in the United States (1920–2010), France (1850–2010), and Austria (1830–2010). By combining evidence from forest inventories with the forest model CRAFT, we first quantify how change in forest area (
ΔA
), maximum biomass density (
ΔBd
max
), and actual biomass as fraction of maximum biomass (
ΔF
max
) shaped forest dynamics. Second, to investigate the connections between forest change and societal resource use, or social metabolism, we quantify the importance of selected proximate and underlying socio-metabolic drivers. We find that agricultural intensification and reduced forest grazing correlated most with positive
ΔA and ΔBd
max
. By contrast, change in biomass imports or harvest did not explain forest change. Our findings highlight the importance of forest growth conditions in explaining long-term forest dynamics, and demonstrate the distinct ways in which resource use drove forest change.
“…From the point of view of ecological economics, the tertiarisation of European economies has been associated with the outsourcing of secondary activities to Third World countries and emerging economies, particularly to China. The shift to a service economy in Europe has thus been criticised as a displacement of high material consumption and polluting activities elsewhere Magalhães et al, 2019;Peters, Minx, Weber, & Edenhofer, 2011;Roberts & Grimes, 1997). If the circular economy is to be a solution to the environmental problems at the global level, tertiarisation and displacement of polluting activities does not contribute to sustainability.…”
List of illustrations ix List of contributors x PART I Circular economy as a policy concept 1 1 Introduction: the sixteenth century map 3 2 Limits to growth: historical antecedents of the circular economy 3 Enter Ellen: the circular economy hits the European scene 4 The circular economy: a concept in the making PART II Critical perspectives 59 5 Postulating circularity: biophysical flows and the problem of entropy 6 Imagining circularity: the circular economy as a sociotechnical imaginary 7 Measuring circularity: indicator development in the circular economy 104 8 Governing circularity: how to govern in the nexus 127 PART III The future of change 9 Narratives of stop and go 10 What kind of science is needed in a changing world? 11 From the sixteenth to the twenty-first century Index viii Contents Department of Science and Technology Studies of the University of Vienna. At this department he held a position as PhD candidate in a project called "Transdisciplinarity as Culture and Practice". In close collaboration with Ulrike Felt he wrote a thesis on practices of "futuring" in transdisciplinary sustainability research. The thesis explores collectively held imaginations of science-society relations in sustainability research in Austria. It was xiv List of contributors during the time of writing this dissertation when Thomas' research started to focus more on questions of collective imagination and the governance of science and technology as well as on issues related to sustainability policy. This interest was deepened at the RWTH Aachen, where Thomas worked with the group of Daniel Barben that focused more on the technology and innovation side of STS. After his time in Aachen, Thomas worked with Martina Merz at the Department of Science Communication and Higher Education Research in Vienna, focusing on issues of quality again. This time around it was about how "quality" as a category is constructed and applied in academia. This work focused on the interplay between practices and cultures of the humanities, natural and social sciences from a perspective interested in the formation and stabilisation of epistemic cultures. Finally, at the Joint Research Centre Thomas gained experience in working in policy-oriented research at an institution that understands itself as situated at the "science-policy interface". In his time at the JRC Thomas worked with Ângela Guimarães Pereira in interdisciplinary project teams and focused on policy analysis, on modes of engagement and participation and on questions about the role quantification in policy-making. Importantly, Thomas has been involved in work that aims at fostering more engagement-oriented and participatory processes within EU institutions. This has been done through a number of collaborations with both colleagues from other JRC departments and with policy makers from European Commission policy DGs. Additionally, Thomas has contributed to a number of workshops and designed and organized citizen engagement trainings for the European Commission. It was especially in these ...
“…As research on MFA continues to evolve, current research covers global (Schandl et al, 2017 ), national (Infante-Amate et al, 2015 ; Kovanda & Hak, 2007 ; Nelo et al, 2019 ), and regional (Barles, 2009 ; Hodson et al, 2012 ) levels. However, some deficiencies in the relevant research remain at different levels.…”
As highly concentrated urbanized areas, urban agglomerations bear increasing resource depletion and environmental pressures, which threaten the regional sustainable development. Resource and environmental problems arising from the process of urbanization can be attributed to the dislocation or maladjustment of material metabolism in time or space. Conducting research on material metabolism at the level of urban agglomerations is helpful in finding the root causes of environmental problems to provide support for the reduction of regional resource consumption and pollution emissions. The material metabolism characteristics of the urban agglomeration and internal cities of the Fujian Delta Urban Agglomeration (FDUA) in China are evaluated using the material flow analysis. The following results are observed. (1) The economic development of the FDUA is still at risk of resource consumption, and a large proportion of hidden flow (HF > 80%) drags down the overall metabolic efficiency and sustainable development. (2) The discharge of various pollutants in the FDUA generally shows a downward trend. Improving metabolic efficiency, delayed MCI growth, and improved overall regional environmental quality are observed. (3) Cities that have relatively scarce land resources but are economically developed, such as Xiamen, still bear a relatively heavy ecological burden (EC
dmc
> 1). (4) Regional collaboration is conducive to the sustainable development of multiple regions. On the one hand, the results of this study provide decision-making basis for the sustainable development of the national ecological civilization demonstration area. On the other hand, this work guides the establishment of a comprehensive industrial linkage and cooperation mechanism for the same type of small- and medium-sized urban agglomerations.
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