The Physics of Tsunami Formation by Sources of Nonseismic Origin

Laboratory Experiments on Tsunamigenic Discrete Subaqueous Volcanic Eruptions. Part 2: Properties of Generated Waves

“…Since our jets are very fast, we do not compare our experimental results with the model of Egorov (2007). The calculated results in the model of Duffy (1992) and Levin and Nosov (2009) are one or two magnitudes less than our experimental results. This is probably because the mass injected in their models is incompressible and these linear wave models cannot reproduce the non‐linear waves in our experiments very well.…”

“…The initial water surface is quiescent in the bottom water jet model and non‐stationary hydrodynamic source model. The bottom jet model changes the bottom condition from a wall boundary to an outflow velocity boundary (Levin & Nosov, 2009). The non‐stationary hydrodynamic source model changes the governing Laplace equation to the Poisson equation by adding a source term (eruptive intensity as the function of time) (Duffy, 1992; Egorov, 2007).…”

“…Chang and Wang (2015) developed a three‐dimensional fully nonlinear wave model to simulate wave motions caused by different types of water jets generated at the bottom boundary (instantaneous jets, initial transient jets, and periodic transient jets). This nonlinear model was compared with a linear wave model (Levin & Nosov, 2009) for the case of an instantaneous jet. The comparison showed that the nonlinearity increased the wave height and celerity for a bottom jet whose diameter was more than twice the water depth.…”

Role of Compressibility on Tsunami Propagation

“…In the last decade, studies have shown the advantages to be gained by taking the compressibility of water into account in describing the behavior of the water column in a tsunami source region (Levin & Nosov, ). Also, hydroacoustic waves generated by tsunamigenic sources due to the compressibility of water column gain attentions by many researchers as tsunami precursor as a component of Tsunami Early Warning Systems (Abdolali et al, ; Cecioni et al, ; Stiassnie, ).…”