The Physiological Age of Female Horn Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) Emigrating from a Natural Population1

Fs, Guillot; Ja, Miller; Se, Kunz

doi:10.1093/jee/81.2.555

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…A model where the flies are not actively leaving the fly‐resistant herds might be that only young female flies are actually seeking new hosts (Guillot et al ., 1988; Pruett et al ., 2003). If this is the case in the present study, when the mean fly count goes down in fly‐resistant herds, it could be hypothesized that old females are dying out and a larger proportion of incoming young females are being repelled.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although flies prefer to stay on the host, they also have the capacity to spread to other herds. The ability of horn flies to fly several kilometres to find a host has been demonstrated in a number of investigations (Byford et al ., 1987; Marley et al ., 1991; Sheppard, 1994), with the physiological stage of the flies appearing to mediate the dispersal (Guillot et al ., 1988; Marley et al ., 1991). In the fly season, cattle are constantly moving, swinging their tails and tossing their heads backwards in order to chase off the flies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variation in the load of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans, in cattle herds is determined by the presence or absence of individual heifers

Jensen

Jespersen

Birkett

et al. 2004

Medical Vet Entomology

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The distribution of horn flies, Haematobia irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), in herds of Danish Holstein-Friesian cattle was investigated in two studies conducted during two field seasons. In the first study, highly significant differences in fly distribution between the most and the least fly-susceptible heifers were observed. In one herd, the mean difference between the most fly-susceptible and the most fly-resistant heifers was 268 Ha. irritans specimens. The highest ratio between upper and lower mean fly number was 64.1:1, whereas the lowest was 3.1:1. In the second year, it was demonstrated that the heifers kept their rank in fly attraction over time. The trial clearly demonstrated that some heifers were attracting flies, whereas others, even in the same herd, only carried a few. In the second study, heifers were moved in and out of herds in an attempt to manipulate fly loads in the herds. In year 1, one herd (herd A) received four fly-resistant heifers from another herd (herd B), resulting in a drop in the mean number of flies, whereas herd B received four fly-susceptible heifers from herd A, resulting in an elevation of the mean number of flies. In year 2, a similar pattern emerged using herds C and D, and when the cattle were later returned to their original herds, the fly loads returned to their original distribution. The data presented here show unequivocally that, for horn flies, there can be considerable differences in fly loads for individual heifers within the Holstein-Friesian breed. Furthermore, the overall fly load within herds can be manipulated, and can be reversed. Thus, the distribution in the number of flies within a herd appears to depend on the number of fly-resistant or fly-susceptible heifers. The possible role of chemical factors emitted by heifers, i.e. volatile semiochemicals, in determining differences in fly loads is discussed, whereby attractants are emitted by fly-susceptible heifers and enable flies to locate their host, and repellents are emitted by fly-resistant heifers such that the flies are actively repelled from the herd.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in the load of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans, in cattle herds is determined by the presence or absence of individual heifers

Jensen

Jespersen

Birkett

et al. 2004

Medical Vet Entomology

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“…Some studies have been carried out with cattle groups maintained in different paddocks, which may result in dissimilar conditions of paddock infestation or different levels of exposure to H. irritans immigration from external sources. Studies on horn fly immigration resulted in contradictory results ( Chamberlain, 1982; Guillot et al . 1988 ; Marley et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cattle breed‐variation in infestation by the horn fly Haematobia irritans

Guglielmone

Curto

Anziani

et al. 2000

Medical Vet Entomology

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A study was carried out to assess the resistance of pure and cross-bred groups of cattle to the horn fly Haematobia irritans (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Muscidae) in northern Argentina. Pure-bred cattle were Criolla, Iberian Bos taurus Linnaeus (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) and Nellore, Bos indicus Linnaeus (Artiodactyla: Bovidae). Cross-bred cattle were Hereford, British B. taurus (34%) X Nellore (66%) and Hereford (66%) X Nellore (34%). All were heifers and animals were maintained in two groups, each containing a mixture of pure and cross-breeds. The lowest fly numbers were found on Criolla heifers and the highest on Hereford X Nellore cross-breeds. However, it could not be determined from this study whether this was a consequence of breed and/or size, as Criolla heifers were lighter than the corresponding Hereford X Nellore heifers. Fly numbers on the heifers followed an approximately negative binomial distribution. However, the ranking of individual animals in their level of infestation within subgroups was not consistent. Hence, culling the most infested heifers on any given date would at best give only a small improvement in H. irritans control.

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“…An approximate schedule of feeding and oviposition can be inferred from the literature, and age grading of female reproductive systems affords estimates of reproductive success (Krafsur & Ernst 1983,1986Kuramochi & Nishijima 1984;Fay & Doube 1987). Also, age-grading methods have been applied to studies of dispersion (Guillot et al 1988).…”

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confidence: 99%

Age Structure of Horn Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Populations Estimated by Pterin Concentrations

Krafsur¹,

Rosales²,

Robison-Cox³

et al. 1992

Journal of Medical Entomology

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Pterins accumulate in the head capsules of horn flies, Haematobia irritans irritans (L.), as a linear function of time and temperature. Pterin concentrations were used to estimate chronological ages and to establish correlations between chronological age and ovarian development and reproductive success in 12 horn fly populations in 1988 and 1989. Male ages were estimated spectrofluorometrically. There were statistically significant differences between years in population age structure measured by pterins. Survival rates estimated from pterin concentration distributions were consistent with a one-parameter exponential model with constant survival rate. Mean daily survival rates were 0.81 for females and 0.84 for males in 1988 and 0.66 and 0.75 in 1989. Mean lifetime egg production was approximately 26 eggs per female in 1988 and 8 in 1989. Female reproductive success was close to the maximum possible, i.e., there were no net delays in oviposition. Analysis of gonotrophic age distributions provided survival estimates that suggested an increasing risk of mortality with age or age-related biases in sampling.

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The Physiological Age of Female Horn Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) Emigrating from a Natural Population1

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Variation in the load of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans, in cattle herds is determined by the presence or absence of individual heifers

Variation in the load of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans, in cattle herds is determined by the presence or absence of individual heifers

Cattle breed‐variation in infestation by the horn fly Haematobia irritans

Age Structure of Horn Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Populations Estimated by Pterin Concentrations

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