The Physiological Basis of Brain Stimulation

Stagg, Charlotte J.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-404704-4.00006-5

Cited by 16 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 112 publications

(145 reference statements)

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“…Left DLPFC anodal stimulation during training improved subsequent WM performance to a small but significant degree, and the effect remained significant after correction for publication bias. That the clearest support for tDCS in WM enhancement comes from its use with training makes sense in light of its known effects on cellular and synaptic physiology (Stagg, 2014), and recent discussions of cognitive enhancement with tDCS have emphasized its potential to enhance learning (e.g., Santarnecchi et al, 2015). However, it should be borne in mind that this conclusion comes from a relatively small number of studies (10), and an even smaller number of unreported null results (7) would eliminate the effect.…”

Section: Summary Of Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…What factors, including reference electrode placement, current density, stimulation before or during task performance, and so forth, moderate WM enhancement by tDCS? Third, we address the issue of tDCS as an adjuvant to WM training: Does tDCS amplify the enhancing effects of WM training, as might be expected given its effects on neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity (Stagg, 2014; see also Santarnecchi et al, 2015)? Fourth, what role might publication bias play in shaping the literature on tDCS enhancement of WM, and how do the conclusions of that literature differ when the influence of publication bias is estimated and corrected?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Improve Healthy Working Memory?: A Meta-analytic Review

Mancuso

Ilieva

Hamilton

et al. 2016

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

253

179

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Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been reported to improve working memory (WM) performance in healthy individuals, suggesting its value as a means of cognitive enhancement. However, recent meta-analyses concluded that tDCS has little or no effect on WM in healthy participants. In this article, we review reasons why these meta-analyses may have underestimated the effect of tDCS on WM and report a more comprehensive and arguably more sensitive meta-analysis. Consistent with our interest in enhancement, we focused on anodal stimulation. Thirty-one articles matched inclusion criteria and were included in four primary meta-analyses assessing the WM effects of anodal stimulation over the left and right dorsolateral pFC (DLPFC) and right parietal lobe as well as left DLPFC stimulation coupled with WM training. These analyses revealed a small but significant effect of left DLPFC stimulation coupled with WM training. Left DLPFC stimulation alone also enhanced WM performance, but the effect was reduced to nonsignificance after correction for publication bias. No other effects were significant, including a variety of tested moderators. Additional meta-analyses were undertaken with study selection criteria based on previous meta-analyses, to reassess the findings from these studies using the analytic methods of this study. These analyses revealed a mix of significant and nonsignificant small effects. We conclude that the primary WM enhancement potential of tDCS probably lies in its use during training. However, recent meta-analyses concluded that tDCS has little or no effect on WM in healthy participants.In this article, we review reasons why these meta-analyses may have underestimated the effect of tDCS on WM and report a more comprehensive and arguably more sensitive metaanalysis. Consistent with our interest in enhancement, we focused on anodal stimulation. Thirty-one articles matched inclusion criteria and were included in four primary meta-analyses assessing the WM effects of anodal stimulation over the left and right dorsolateral pFC (DLPFC) and right parietal lobe as well as left DLPFC stimulation coupled with WM training. These analyses revealed a small but significant effect of left DLPFC stimulation coupled with WM training. Left DLPFC stimulation alone also enhanced WM performance, but the effect was reduced to nonsignificance after correction for publication bias. No other effects were significant, including a variety of tested moderators. Additional meta-analyses were undertaken with study selection criteria based on previous meta-analyses, to reassess the findings from these studies using the analytic methods of this study. These analyses revealed a mix of significant and nonsignificant small effects. We conclude that the primary WM enhancement potential of tDCS probably lies in its use during training. ■

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Section: Summary Of Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Improve Healthy Working Memory?: A Meta-analytic Review

Mancuso

Ilieva

Hamilton

et al. 2016

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

253

179

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Other factors that influence the effects of tDCS include whether they are interleaved or consecutive stimulations (Alonzo et al, 2012;Lin et al, 2011), the type of electrodes used (e.g., EEG electrodes (Marshall et al, 2004)), the distance between stimulation electrodes (e.g., increasing the distance between electrodes might decrease the magnitude of tDCS-induced effects, depending on the specific montage and physiological measure (Bikson et al, 2010;Moliadze et al, 2010)) or sponges (round versus rectangular shape), and the size of sponges (25-35 cm 2 ) and their arrangement (see Datta et al, 2009;Miranda et al, 2013;Park et al, 2011). The effects of tDCS could also be influenced by the timing of stimulation, that is, before, during, or after a task(s) (Javadi et al, 2012); whether it is applied in combination with pharmacological manipulations (Stagg, 2014) or with a task (Andrews et al, 2011) (which also depends on the type of task used); the sensitivity of measures before and after the stimulation (especially for healthy populations); and the best timing for the interstimulation interval to sustain the achieved enhancement results (Monte-Silva et al, 2010). Further research should work on establishing the optimal number of stimulation sessions for a particular training based on the desired effects, for example, longevity and strength of enhancement.…”

Section: Optimizing the Effects Of Tdcs For Cognitive Enhancementmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Use of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Cognitive Enhancement

Looi

Kadosh

2015

Cognitive Enhancement

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“…El estudio de los mecanismos fisiológicos a tra vés de los que actúa la tDCS sugiere que este tipo de estimulación ejerce una función neuromodula toria que afecta a la excitabilidad de las membranas neuronales, facilitando o reduciendo la plasticidad en respuesta a la actividad neural endógena [9]. Se asume que esta técnica tiene su efecto sobre los po tenciales de membrana en reposo a través de la mo dulación de los canales dependientes de sodio y cal cio y la actividad de los receptores de NMDA [10,11]. En este papel modulador, desempeña un papel fundamental la polaridad de la corriente eléctrica inducida en la zona de interés.…”

Section: Ir Montenegro Et Al ¿Qué Es La Tdcs?unclassified

“…La estimulación con polo positivo se conoce como estimulación anódica (AtDCS), mientras que la estimulación con el cá todo o polo negativo se denomina estimulación catódica (CtDCS). En términos generales (ya que puede depender de muchos otros factores), la esti mulación anódica se suele asociar con una dismi nución de los niveles de ácido γaminobutírico [5,11,12], lo que genera una mayor excitabilidad corti cal, que parece facilitar la actividad de la corteza que se encuentra bajo la influencia del electrodo [5,13]. Por el contrario, la estimulación catódica se asocia a un descenso de los niveles de glutamato [5,12], por lo que se suele entender como inhibito ria [5,13].…”

Section: Ir Montenegro Et Al ¿Qué Es La Tdcs?unclassified

Estimulación eléctrica por corriente continua en el tratamiento de la afasia

et al. 2017

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Introducción. Los ictus son un problema médico con una alta prevalencia en España, y la afasia es una de las secuelas más comunes. Actualmente, la afasia se trata principalmente con terapia neuropsicológica y farmacológica. Sin embargo, en los últimos años, la estimulación eléctrica transcraneal por corriente continua se ha presentado como un complemento a los tratamientos más clásicos. Objetivos. Familiarizar al lector con la estimulación eléctrica transcraneal por corriente continua y revisar de forma crítica los beneficios de esta técnica en la rehabilitación de la afasia. Desarrollo. Tras describir en qué consiste la estimulación eléctrica transcraneal por corriente continua, posteriormente se analizan las evidencias existentes sobre los efectos de esta técnica en el tratamiento de la afasia. Para ello se ha realizado una búsqueda en la base de datos PubMed y se han revisado 19 estudios, publicados entre 2008 y 2016, en los que se utiliza la estimulación eléctrica por corriente continua para el tratamiento de la afasia. Conclusiones. Estos estudios sugieren que la estimulación eléctrica transcraneal por corriente continua es efectiva en el tratamiento de la afasia cuando se acompaña de terapia neuropsicológica. Además, sus beneficios parecen ser mayores cuando se aplica durante al menos cinco sesiones con intensidades superiores a 1 mA, estimulando zonas perilesionales, y en pacientes con afasias fluentes. Los estudios también sugieren que esta técnica no debe entenderse nunca como sustitutiva de la terapia neuropsicológica, sino como una forma de preparar al cerebro para ésta. Palabras clave. Afasia. Estimulación eléctrica transcraneal por corriente continua. Ictus. Lenguaje. Neuropsicología. Rehabilitación. tDCS.

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The Physiological Basis of Brain Stimulation

Cited by 16 publications

References 112 publications

Does Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Improve Healthy Working Memory?: A Meta-analytic Review

Does Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Improve Healthy Working Memory?: A Meta-analytic Review

The Use of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Cognitive Enhancement

Estimulación eléctrica por corriente continua en el tratamiento de la afasia

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