The Physiology and Molecular Biology of Sponge Tissues

Leys, Sally P.; Hill, Andrew P.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-394283-8.00001-1

Cited by 106 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 167 publications

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“…This indicates that this particular epitope is most likely not a part of the aggregation factors. On the other hand, previously it has been shown that glycoprotein-rich mucus (glycocalyx) connects collars of choanocytes with function in filtering or trapping food particles (Leys and Hill, 2012). Hence, our results suggest that fucoidan epitopes in sponges are actually part of the components of this type of extracellular matrix in some sponges.…”

Section: Immunohistochemistry Of Fucoidan Epitopes In Cliona Celatamentioning

confidence: 48%

Microarray Glycan Profiling Reveals Algal Fucoidan Epitopes in Diverse Marine Metazoans

et al. 2017

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Despite the biological importance and pharmacological potential of glycans from marine organisms, there are many unanswered questions regarding their distribution, function, and evolution. Here we describe microarray-based glycan profiling of a diverse selection of marine animals using antibodies raised against fucoidan isolated from a brown alga. We demonstrate the presence of two fucoidan epitopes in six animals belonging to three phyla including Porifera, Molusca, and Chordata. We studied the spatial distribution of these epitopes in Cliona celata ("boring sponge") and identified their restricted localization on the surface of internal chambers. Our results show the potential of high-throughput screening and probes commonly used in plant and algal cell wall biology to study the diversity and distribution of glycan structures in metazoans.

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Section: Immunohistochemistry Of Fucoidan Epitopes In Cliona Celatamentioning

confidence: 48%

Microarray Glycan Profiling Reveals Algal Fucoidan Epitopes in Diverse Marine Metazoans

et al. 2017

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“…Inspiration from sea sponges (Phylum Porifera), which delicately masters water circulation through their bodies for food, oxygen, and waste exchanges,21 provides novel insights into the design and construct of mechano‐active porous ceramic structures for ultrahigh precision delivery. Leuconoid sponges have the most complex body structures among all types of sea sponge, consisting of a hierarchical channel system where spherical choanocyte chambers are connected by incurrent canals and apopyles (water exiting pores) 22.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinspired Mechano‐Sensitive Macroporous Ceramic Sponge for Logical Drug and Cell Delivery

Wei

Gao

et al. 2017

Advanced Science

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On‐demand, ultrahigh precision delivery of molecules and cells assisted by scaffold is a pivotal theme in the field of controlled release, but it remains extremely challenging for ceramic‐based macroporous scaffolds that are prevalently used in regenerative medicine. Sea sponges (Phylum Porifera), whose bodies possess hierarchical pores or channels and organic/inorganic composite structures, can delicately control water intake/circulation and therefore achieve high precision mass transportation of food, oxygen, and wastes. Inspired by leuconoid sponge, in this study, the authors design and fabricate a biomimetic macroporous ceramic composite sponge (CCS) for high precision logic delivery of molecules and cells regulated by mechanical stimulus. The CCS reveals unique on‐demand AND logic release behaviors in response to dual‐gates of moisture and pressure (or strain) and, more importantly, 1 cm3 volume of CCS achieves unprecedentedly delivery precision of ≈100 ng per cycle for hydrophobic or hydrophilic molecules and ≈1400 cells per cycle for fibroblasts, respectively.

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“…This is in stark contrast to sponge cell types that are limited in number, organised only into simple tissues and that have questionable homology to any non-poriferan cell types (Leys and Degnan 2001, Leys and Hill 2012. Despite this, it is sponges that possess a small RNA repertoire that is akin to that of bilaterian animals while miRNAs and key miRNA biogenic enzymes are completely absent in ctenophores (Maxwell et al 2012, Moroz et al 2014.…”

Section: Rnai In Early Branching Metazoansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Estimates for oceanic virioplankton concentration range from 10 6 to 10 11 virus particles per litre of sea water (Proctor and Fuhrman 1990, Hara et al 1997, Wommack and Colwell 2000, a substantial portion of which are likely to be dsRNA viruses (AndrewsPfannkoch et al 2010, Decker and. Sponges are suspension feeders that continuously draw large volumes of water through small ostia in their body wall, filter out particulate matter and expel the filtered water through larger exhalent oscula (Leys and Hill 2012). In a measurement conducted on the demosponge Callyspongia plicifera, over half a litre of seawater per second per litre of sponge tissue was pumped through its aquiferous system (Weisz et al 2008).…”

Section: Biological Significance Of Dsrna Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Choanocytes are flagellated phagocytic cells that occur in clusters called choanocyte chambers. These cells are distributed around the bodies of juvenile and adult sponges (Leys and Hill 2012). Choanocytes are also pluriopotent stem cells (Funayama 2010) that can transdifferentiate into any other cell type via an archeocyte intermediate (Amano andHori 1996, Nakanishi et al 2014).…”

Section: Dsrna Uptake By Choanocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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RNA interference in early branching metazoans

Calcino¹

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The RNA interference (RNAi) repertoire of metazoans is principally composed of three independent but related systems -endogenous small interfering RNAs (endosiRNAs), micro RNAs (miRNAs) and Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). Although the endosiRNA pathway has been demonstrated in all five eukaryotic supergroups, the miRNA and piRNA pathways of metazoans likely evolved subsequent to metazoan divergence from other eukaryotes. These innovations evolved in a 100-200 million year period between the emergence of animal multicellularity and the divergence of the sponges. It is not yet known if the organisation and function of these systems, as characterised in bilaterian model species (vertebrates, Drosophila and C. elegans), is shared between early branching phyla (Porifera, Ctenophora, Cnidaria and Placozoa) and bilaterians. Preliminary evidence is mixed with commonalities like the existence of 'ping-pong' piRNA biogenesis in sponges and cnidarians contrasted with the lack of sequence and secondary structure homology of miRNAs between sponges and bilaterians.This thesis focuses on the RNAi systems of three early branching metazoan phyla that represent critical branches in early animal evolution (ie. Porifera, Ctenophora and Cnidaria). As no such tool was available, I developed a bioinformatic pipeline to annotate the RNAi components of mapped small RNA libraries from the demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica, the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi and the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis. Detailed in Chapter 2, this pipeline, named RNAiTool, clusters mapped small RNAs from high-throughput sequencing data and then annotates those clusters based on a simple set of criteria, primarily focused on the read-length of the constituent small RNAs.RNAiTool was also used in the annotation of small RNA datasets from the well-studied bilaterian Drosophila melanogaster, providing a point of comparison for the less wellunderstood non-bilaterian species. As well as interrogating individual datasets, RNAiTool can be used to compare the expression dynamics of endo-siRNA and piRNA cluster between datasets. Although it was used here to investigate the expression dynamics of endo-siRNA and piRNA cluster through development, RNAiTool can be used to assess the expression dynamics of clusters between any test and control datasets.The second major innovation presented in this thesis is the introduction of the uniformity index. This property of small RNA clusters describes the uniformity of small RNA coverage across the length of that cluster. This simple index provides a rapid method 3 for the identification of potential miRNAs and other highly expressed small RNA producing loci from large pools of small RNA clusters. This thesis takes the first steps towards an understanding of the evolution and function of RNAi systems in early branching metazoans, in particular the demosponge A.queenslandica. It is hoped that the framework for RNAi annotation developed here will prove useful for other studies of emerging model RNAi systems. 4

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The Physiology and Molecular Biology of Sponge Tissues

Cited by 106 publications

References 167 publications

Microarray Glycan Profiling Reveals Algal Fucoidan Epitopes in Diverse Marine Metazoans

Microarray Glycan Profiling Reveals Algal Fucoidan Epitopes in Diverse Marine Metazoans

Bioinspired Mechano‐Sensitive Macroporous Ceramic Sponge for Logical Drug and Cell Delivery

RNA interference in early branching metazoans

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The Physiology and Molecular Biology of Sponge Tissues

Cited by 106 publications

References 167 publications

Microarray Glycan Profiling Reveals Algal Fucoidan Epitopes in Diverse Marine Metazoans

Microarray Glycan Profiling Reveals Algal Fucoidan Epitopes in Diverse Marine Metazoans

Bioinspired Mechano‐Sensitive Macroporous Ceramic Sponge for Logical Drug and Cell Delivery

﻿RNA interference in early branching metazoans

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RNA interference in early branching metazoans