The Physiology of the Human Axillary Apocrine Sweat Gland12

Shelley, Walter B.; Hurley, Harry J.

doi:10.1038/jid.1953.35

Cited by 124 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In the meantime, after the detection of apoeccrine glands by Sato et al, 20 these peculiarities can be easily attributed to the third type of sweat glandsthe apoeccrine glands. Roughly isochronic and similar to Shelley and Hurley, 7 Skoog and Thyresson 11 were puzzled by the fact that, in most cases of hyperhidrosis, the excised tissue contained abundant sweat glands, which were preponderantly of the apocrine type, with wide lumina and signs of great activity. Different from what they expected, eccrine glands were of remarkably rare occurrence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…4 -6 In case of hyperfunction, hyperhidrosis was usually attributed to the eccrine glands and bromhidrosis to the apocrine glands. However, there has been no consensus about such a strict categorization, 7,8 as the two entities often occur concomitantly. 9 When, in extreme forms of hyperhidrosis, systemic or topical medication including botulinum toxin is ineffective, the surgical removal of axillary sweat glands is a valid treatment option.…”

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confidence: 96%

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Immunohistochemical Differentiation and Localization Analysis of Sweat Glands in the Adult Human Axilla

Beer

Baumüller

Zech

et al. 2006

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Immunohistochemical Differentiation and Localization Analysis of Sweat Glands in the Adult Human Axilla

Beer

Baumüller

Zech

et al. 2006

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

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“…Skin, the largest organ in the human body, is composed of a series of androgen-responsive tissues, namely the hair follicles (Hamilton 1951, Hamilton et al 1969, sebaceous glands (Strauss & Pochi 1963), sweat glands (Shelley & Hurley 1953, Papa & Kligman 1965, epidermis (Papa & Kligman 1965) and dermis (Black et al 1970). Furthermore, all the above-mentioned skin appendages and components contain 17 -and 3 -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) activities, as well as 3 -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-4 -5 isomerase (3 -HSD) and 5 -reductase activities (Hay & Hodgins 1978, Dumont et al 1992, Luu-The et al 1994, Martel et al 1994, Chen et al 1996b, Puy et al 1996.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Exclusive androgenic effect of dehydroepiandrosterone in sebaceous glands of rat skin

Sourla¹,

Richard²,

Labrie³

et al. 2000

Journal of Endocrinology

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In order to analyze the hormonal effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in skin sebaceous glands, the precursor steroid was administered to ovariectomized (OVX) female Sprague-Dawley rats at a dose of 30 mg applied on the dorsal skin, twice daily, for 3, 6 and 12 months. In a parallel experiment, female OVX rats were treated with DHEA at the same daily percutaneous dose of 30 mg, alone or in combination with the antiandrogen Flutamide or the pure antiestrogen EM-800, for 12 months, in order to determine the androgenic and/or estrogenic components of DHEA action. Treatment of female OVX rats with DHEA resulted in a similar mild to moderate hyperplasia of the sebaceous glands of both dorsal (site of application) and ventral skin, as illustrated by an increase in the number and size of the acini. The above-indicated effects were observed at all time intervals studied, beginning at 3 months of treatment, and they were not further increased after longer term administration of DHEA (for 6 and 12 months). The addition of Flutamide to DHEA treatment completely prevented the DHEA-induced changes in the sebaceous glands, whereas the antiestrogen EM-800 had no effect. The present data indicate an exclusive androgenic stimulatory action of DHEA on the sebaceous glands, thus pointing out the importance of local intracrine DHEA transformation into androgens for skin anatomical integrity and function, while showing that estrogens, if active in rat skin, do not originate from DHEA.

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“…When the arms are held at the side of the body nothing of the organ is visible, but when they are raised the organ is dramatically displayed to the eye. It has received some attention from dermatologists and physiologists interested in its malfunction (Arnold et al 1990;Montagna 1959;1963;Shelley & Hurley 1953), a little from ethnographers (Gray, 1964) but it remains almost undiscovered by anthropologists, psychologists and others interested in human biology. Above all no scenario for its evolution has been put forward.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The human axillary organ: An evolutionary puzzle

Stoddart

1998

Hum. Evol.

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The human axillary organ: an evolutionary puzzleIn the cavum axillae of humans lies a glandular organ composed of tightly packed apocrine glands with secrete a colourless, or slightly pigmented fluid -the so-called axillary organ. It develops during childhood but remains inactive until the onset of sexual maturity when it grows hairs and embarks on a lifetime of secretion. A similar structure occurs in African apes but in no other Primates. Being equally well-developed in males and females the axillary organ is not a secondary sexual characteristic, even though it produces secretions rich in steroidal compound relating to sex and sexual status. It is argued that, with the development of gregariousness, the brain's recognition template for odorous oestrus advertisement was blocked in order to protect the bond between parents which was necessary for ensuring maximum offspring survival. The axillary organ took on a new role, namely to provide odorous stimulation for strengthening the pairbond, and lost its previous role as advertiser of individuality.

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The Physiology of the Human Axillary Apocrine Sweat Gland12

Cited by 124 publications

References 5 publications

Immunohistochemical Differentiation and Localization Analysis of Sweat Glands in the Adult Human Axilla

Immunohistochemical Differentiation and Localization Analysis of Sweat Glands in the Adult Human Axilla

Exclusive androgenic effect of dehydroepiandrosterone in sebaceous glands of rat skin

The human axillary organ: An evolutionary puzzle

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