The physiology of wound healing

Harper, Daniel; Young, Alistair; McNaught, Clare-Ellen

doi:10.1016/j.mpsur.2014.06.010

Cited by 94 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The inflammatory phase lasted for up to 14 d in this study, and contrary to what was expected, the therapeutic effect of s.c. meloxicam was likely too short lived to cover the entire inflammatory phase. Further research should focus on evaluating repeated injections of s.c. meloxicam during the first 14 d after knife castration to reduce the inflammatory phase of wound healing, as this phase is the most susceptible to infections that can develop into chronic wounds (Harper et al 2014).…”

Section: Itemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a single dose of subcutaneous meloxicam before knife castration alone or combined with hot-iron branding on scrotal healing, inflammatory response, and behaviour in 2-mo-old beef calves over 42 d post procedure

et al. 2019

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a single subcutaneous injection of meloxicam on scrotal healing, inflammatory response, and behaviour in castrated or castrated and branded beef calves for 42 d post procedure. Seventy-two 2-mo-old Angus crossbred bull calves were used to assess the effects of procedure (Trt): (1) sham control, (2) knife castration, and (3) knife castration and hot-iron branding; and pain mitigation (Med): (1) nonmedicated and (2) medicated with meloxicam according to a 3 × 2 factorial design. Body weight, scrotal circumference (SC), and healing scores were collected weekly until day 42. Blood samples were collected weekly until day 42 to assess haptoglobin, serum amyloid-A, and complete blood cell count. Hair was collected on day −1 and day 42 to assess cortisol concentrations. Lying and standing behaviour were recorded for 42 d, whereas pain-related behaviours were recorded on days 7, 15, 22, 29, and 34 post procedure. The inflammatory response (SC) and duration of standing was greater (P < 0.05) in calves castrated and branded than those only castrated. However, meloxicam did not reduce inflammation or improve wound healing in either castrated or castrated and branded calves.

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Section: Itemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a single dose of subcutaneous meloxicam before knife castration alone or combined with hot-iron branding on scrotal healing, inflammatory response, and behaviour in 2-mo-old beef calves over 42 d post procedure

et al. 2019

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“…Wound healing is separated into four different phases: (1) hemostasis, (2) inflammation, (3) proliferation and migration, and (4) remodulation. These phases are occurring overlappingly, where bacterial and cell debris are removed, new vessels and tissue are formed, and finally the new tissue is matured . The shift between these phases is regulated by a interplay between cytokines, chemokines, and proteases, by inducing and degrading one another …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These phases are occurring overlappingly, where bacterial and cell debris are removed, new vessels and tissue are formed, and finally the new tissue is matured. 1 The shift between these phases is regulated by a interplay between cytokines, chemokines, and proteases, by inducing and degrading one another. 2 The skin barrier is mainly composed of keratinocytes in their differential state, where they are interconnected by desmosome junctions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory potential of Nisin A with application in wound healing

Mouritzen

Andrea

Qvist

et al. 2019

Wound Repair Regeneration

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Antimicrobial peptides can have a dual role with both antimicrobial activity against a broad range of bacteria and immunomodulatory effect, making them attractive as therapeutic treatment of difficult wounds. Nisin A is widely known for its antimicrobial activity, and a preliminary study demonstrated that it increased wound closure, but the mechanism behind its effect is unknown. The aim of this study is to elucidate the wound healing potential of Nisin A and the mechanism behind. First, an epithelial and endothelial cell line, human keratinocyte (HaCaT) and human umbilical vein endothelial cell, were used to demonstrate migration and proliferation effects in vitro. From HaCaT cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cell, changes in cytokine levels were shown by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Second, the ex vivo porcine wound healing model was used to investigate the re‐epithelization potential of Nisin A. Finally, the model Galleria mellonella was used to confirm antimicrobial activity and to investigate potential immunomodulatory effects in vivo. Here, we demonstrated that Nisin A affected migration significantly of both human umbilical vein endothelial cell and HaCaT cells (p < 0.05) but not proliferation, potentially by decreasing the levels of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐6, and interleukin‐8 (p < 0.001). Furthermore, Nisin A treatment diminished lipopolysaccharide‐induced tumor necrosis factor‐α levels from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 from HaCaT cells (p < 0.001). Furthermore, Nisin A did not affect proliferation ex vivo either but increased re‐epithelization of the porcine skin. Nisin A improved survival of G. mellonella significantly from Staphylococcus epidermidis (p < 0.001) but not from Escherichia coli, indicating that Nisin A did not help the larvae to survive the infection in a different than direct antimicrobial way. All together this makes Nisin A a potential treatment to use in wound healing, as it increases the mobility of skin cells, dampens the effect of lipopolysaccharide and proinflammatory cytokines, and decreases bacterial growth.

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“…The wound healing process occurs in at least four overlapping phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and finally remodelation (HARPER et al, 2011). Another authors subdivided the third stage into migration and proliferation and the fourth into contraction and remodeling (SCHULTZ et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%