The Piedra Chamana fossil woods (Eocene, Peru)

Woodcock, Deborah; Meyer, Herbert W.; Prado, Y.

doi:10.1163/22941932-20170175

Cited by 31 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…The nearest example to Gondwana temporally is cf. Pseudomonotes wood from the late middle Eocene (∼39 Ma) of Peru (Woodcock et al 2017); although this occurrence is only ∼5 Myr younger than the South America-Antarctica separation, it is ∼70 Myr younger…”

Section: Gafi 1: India-asiamentioning

confidence: 91%

Origins and Assembly of Malesian Rainforests

Kooyman

Morley

Crayn

et al. 2019

Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst.

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Unraveling the origins of Malesia's once vast, hyperdiverse rainforests is a perennial challenge. Major contributions to rainforest assembly came from floristic elements carried on the Indian Plate and montane elementsfrom the Australian Plate (Sahul). The Sahul component is now understood to include substantial two-way exchanges with Sunda inclusive of lowland taxa. Evidence for the relative contributions of the great Asiatic floristic interchanges (GAFIs) with India and Sahul, respectively, to the flora of Malesia comes from contemporary lineage distributions, the fossil record, time-calibrated phylogenies, functional traits, and the spatial structure of genetic diversity. Functional-trait and biome conservatism are noted features of montane austral lineages from Sahul (e.g., diverse Podocarpaceae), whereas the abundance and diversity of lowland lineages, including Syzygium (Myrtaceae) and the Asian dipterocarps (Dipterocarpoideae), reflect a less well understood combination of dispersal, ecology, and adaptive radiations. Thus, Malesian rainforest assembly has been shaped by sharply contrasting evolutionary origins and biogeographic histories.

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Section: Gafi 1: India-asiamentioning

confidence: 91%

Origins and Assembly of Malesian Rainforests

Kooyman

Morley

Crayn

et al. 2019

Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst.

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“…The fossil woods were compared with available images of modern and fossil woods from the Inside Wood Database (IWD; insidewood.lib.ncsu.edu) [18] and literature [e.g. 8,12,[19][20][21][22]. We also made a plate of modern Anacardium micromorphology slides from the collection at Instituto de Biología, UNAM, México.…”

Section: Fossil Specimen Preparation and Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, the description of this specimen is neither detailed nor illustrated, and the authors did not describe the type of vessel-ray parenchyma pits, a trait that is key in the comparison of this genus. [8] described a new fossil species of Anacardium (A. incahuasi) from the Early Eocene of the Fossil Forest Piedra Chamana in Peru. This wood shares several features with Anacardium, including the absence of growth rings, vessel density, simple perforation plates, vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders, paratracheal parenchyma, and the presence of large prismatic crystals.…”

Section: Fossil Record Of Anacardium and Comparison With Other Anacardium Fossilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new Oligocene-Miocene tree from Panama and historical Anacardium migration patterns

et al. 2021

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Migration of Boreotropical megathermal taxa during the Oligocene and Miocene played a key role in assembling diversity in tropical regions. Despite scattered fossil reports, the cashew genus Anacardium offers an excellent example of such migration. The fossil woods described here come from localities in Veraguas, Panama mapped as Oligocene-Miocene. We studied, described, and identified two well-preserved specimens using wood anatomical characteristics and completed extensive comparisons between fossil and extant material. The studied fossil woods share several diagnostic features with the modern Anacardium genus, including large solitary vessels, large intervessel-pitting, a simple vessel-ray pitting pattern, and mostly 1–3 seriate rays with large rhomboidal solitary crystals. We propose a new fossil species named Anacardium gassonii sp. nov., that adds an essential piece to the understanding of the historical biogeography of the genus. In addition, our findings confirm previous interpretations of this species’ migration from Europe to North America and its crossing through Panama, leading to subsequent diversification in South America. This discovery provides an important link to the historical migration patterns of the genus, supporting the notion of an Eocene migration to the Neotropics via Boreotropical bridges, as well as an Oligocene-Miocene crossing of Central America followed by diversification in South America.

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“…these descriptions add to those published previously (Woodcock et al 2017) and allow for discussion of the floristics and paleoecology of the assemblage, which includes 31 taxa of non-monocot angiosperms (table 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

The Piedra Chamana fossil woods (Eocene, Peru), II

Woodcock

Meyer

Prado

2019

IAWA J.

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This contribution presents descriptions of 14 fossil woods from the Piedra Chamana Fossil Forest in Peru, an assemblage of fossil woods and leaves dated at 39 Ma (late Middle Eocene). It is part two of the descriptions of the non-monocot angiosperm fossils from the site (see Woodcock et al. 2017). The woods are assigned to the subfamilies Bombacoideae, Bombacoideae/Malvoideae, Byttneroideae, Grewioideae, and Sterculioideae of Malvaceae and the families Melastomataceae, Muntingiaceae, Rubiaceae, Rutaceae, and Sapindaceae. Malvalean taxa make up around one-third of the wood types. Many of the woods are identifiable to modern-day genera or groups, including genera with species counted among the hyperdominant trees of the New World forests. Represented vegetation types include mixed freshwater swamp with Avicennia, seasonally flooded forest, and lowland tropical forest with a dry aspect. The assemblage shows floristic similarities to extant South American lowland tropical forest, particularly the seasonally flooded forests growing along white water rivers (várzea); however, the dry forest association has a less clear analog in the present-day tropics.

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The Piedra Chamana fossil woods (Eocene, Peru)

Cited by 31 publications

References 78 publications

Origins and Assembly of Malesian Rainforests

Origins and Assembly of Malesian Rainforests

A new Oligocene-Miocene tree from Panama and historical Anacardium migration patterns

The Piedra Chamana fossil woods (Eocene, Peru), II

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