The place of anxiety in depressive symptomatology.

Widlöcher, Daniel; Lecrubier, Y.; Goc, Y. Le

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1983.tb05863.x

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Similarly, four treatment studies with depressed, anxious, or mixed patient groups with diverse interventions all found that scores on both Hamilton scales were reduced after treatment (Borkovec & Mathews, 1988;Borkovec et al, 1987;Lesser et al, 1988;Widlocher, Lecrubier, & Le Goc, 1983). A fifth study (Grunhaus, Rabin, & Greden, 1986) found that pure depressed patients had lower HRSD scores after treatment than did patients with an additional panic disorder, who scored higher than the depressed patients on both anxious and depressed mood.…”

Section: Clinical Ratingsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: Psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications.

Clark¹,

Watson²

1991

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

3,607

335

3,164

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We review psychometric and other evidence relevant to mixed anxiety-depression. Properties of anxiety and depression measures, including the convergent and discriminant validity of self-and clinical ratings, and interrater reliability, are examined in patient and normal samples. Results suggest that anxiety and depression can be reliably and validly assessed; moreover, although these disorders share a substantial component of general affective distress, they can be differentiated on the basis of factors specific to each syndrome. We also review evidence for these specific factors, examining the influence of context and scale content on ratings, factor analytic studies, and the role of low positive affect in depression. With these data, we argue for a tripartite structure consisting of general distress, physiological hyperarousal (specific anxiety), and anhedonia (specific depression), and we propose a diagnosis of mixed anxiety-depression.The puzzle of the relation between anxiety and depression is as old as the study of the syndromes themselves. In recent times, they have been viewed as: (a) different points along the same continuum, (b) alternative manifestations of a common underlying diathesis, (c) heterogeneous syndromes that are associated because of shared subtypes, (d) separate phenomena, each of which may develop into the other over time, and (e) conceptually and empirically distinct phenomena (L. A. Clark, 1989). Whereas each of these viewpoints is supported by some research, the current nomenclature, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manualof Mental Disorders (rev. 3rd ed.; DSM-III-R; American Psychiatric Association, 1987) primarily reflects the cate-

show abstract

Section: Clinical Ratingsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: Psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications.

Clark¹,

Watson²

1991

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

3,607

335

3,164

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Epidemiological studies support both a categorical and dimensional conceptualization of anxiety and depression. The categorical concept holds that anxiety and depression are distinct disorders, with anxiety symptoms reflecting mental and physical activation, and depressive symptoms reflecting depletion (Mullaney 1984, Widlocher et al 1983): although both disorders share a central theme of negative affect, depression is characterized by anhedonia (and low positive affect), whereas physiological hyperarousal is the central focus in anxiety disorders (Clark & Watson 1991). By contrast, the dimensional view proposes that anxiety, depression and comorbid conditions lie on a continuum, and represent differing manifestations of the same underlying disorder: this conceptualization is supported by the symptomatic overlap of the two syndromes, the instability of clinical diagnosis, the tendency for patients suffering from long-lasting anxiety to develop depressive symptoms, the failure to find separate dimensions of anxiety and depression in self-rated and observer-rated scales, and the lack of differential responses to drug treatment (Linden 1998, Stavrakaki & Vargo 1986.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comorbidity and Suicidality in Patients Diagnosed With Panic Disorder/Agoraphobia and Major Depression

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…One wellknown ''splitter'' hypothesis holds that anxiety symptoms cluster around mental and physical activation, whereas depressive symptoms centre around exhaustion [31,32]. Another theory suggests that both anxiety and depressive disorders have, as a central theme, high negative affect; however, while depression is characterized by anhedonia (and generally low positive affect), physiological hyperarousal is the central focus in anxiety disorders [33].…”

Section: ''Splitter'' and ''Lumper'' Theoriesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Comorbid anxiety and depression: illumination of a controversy

Hranov

2007

International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Depression and anxiety frequently coexist in the same individual, either concurrently or at different times, and numerous studies show that the presence of an anxiety disorder is the single strongest risk factor for development of depression. When the two coexist simultaneously, either as diagnosed disorders or subsyndromal states, they may be viewed as mixed anxiety-depression or as comorbid syndromes, i.e. separate disorders occurring concurrently. Controversy continues over the nature of the relationship between depression and anxiety, some believing they are distinct, separate entities while others - now the majority - view them as overlapping syndromes that present at different points on a phenomenological and/or chronological continuum, and share a common neurobiology, the degree of overlap depending on whether each is described at the level of symptoms, syndrome or diagnosis. Community data likely underestimate true prevalence, since affected individuals frequently present in primary care with somatic, rather than psychological, complaints. Irrespective of the nature of the relationship, patients with both disorders experience significant vocational and interpersonal impairment, and more frequent recurrence, with greater likelihood of suicide, than individuals with single disorders. Various classes of antidepressant drugs offer symptom relief for these patients, the most selective of th SSRIs holding the greatest promise for sustained clinical improvement. Yet, the crucial parameter of successful pharmacotherapy seems to be the length of treatment, ensuring enhancement of the compromised neuroprotective and neuroplastic mechanisms. Further clarification of the relationship is a prerequisite for offering effective treatment to the many patients who experience lifetime depression and anxiety.

show abstract

The place of anxiety in depressive symptomatology.

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: Psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications.

Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: Psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications.

Comorbidity and Suicidality in Patients Diagnosed With Panic Disorder/Agoraphobia and Major Depression

Comorbid anxiety and depression: illumination of a controversy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About