The Pleating Effect Explains the Cardioauricular Connection

Abrahim, Mohammed

doi:10.1016/j.joms.2020.10.011

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…However, visual inspection of the sideburns areas of the face could give a subtle impression of the size of visceral adipose tissue. Visceral obesity of the BFP was also suggested as a cause of other facial physical signs that are linked to cardiovascular risk - including preauricular creases and the diagonal earlobe crease (Frank’s sign) [ 10 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sideburns Obesity Syndrome: Is Sideburn Fat the Window to the Heart?

Abrahim¹

2021

Cureus

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Despite significant advancements in cardiovascular diagnostic technology, physical examination signs remain credible diagnostic indicators of coronary artery disease. Here, we report a case of a 50-year-old male patient with premature coronary artery disease associated with a novel physical sign of bilateral symmetrical bulging of the sideburn areas of the face. The sideburns correspond anatomically to the buccal fat pad which is composed of visceral adipose tissue. Visceral obesity is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, independent of total body weight, with some suggestion of a causal association. Therefore, isolated buccal visceral obesity (sideburn obesity syndrome) could be a marker for premature coronary artery disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sideburns Obesity Syndrome: Is Sideburn Fat the Window to the Heart?

Abrahim¹

2021

Cureus

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“… 42 , 43 There is also emerging research linking ELC to the mechanical traction secondary to visceral obesity of the face. 44 Furthermore, congenital earlobe creases were notes in neonates with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. 45 Although the relationship between ELC and CAD still cannot be drawn a definite conclusion, for evidence which are for and against are both obtained, and the association between the ELC and atherosclerosis has not been established in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patients with Earlobe Crease May Associate with Lower Concentration of the Age-Suppressing Hormone Klotho

Wang¹,

Zhu²,

Liu³

et al. 2021

IJGM

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“…We consider preauricular creases are misnomers due to their nature as skin folds, therefore, the authors have previously suggested that preauricular folds are caused by facial visceral adiposity leading to skin pleating [33].…”

Section: Special Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unified Anatomical Explanation of Diagonal Earlobe Creases, Preauricular Creases, and Paired Creases of the Helix

Abrahim¹

2022

Cureus

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Three types of ear creases have been described in the medical literature in association with several cardiovascular and metabolic disorders: diagonal earlobe creases (DELCs) (Frank's sign), preauricular vertical creases, and paired ear creases of the helix (PECH). The exact mechanism of development of such creases, as well as an explanation of their association with cardiometabolic disorders, remains unclear. Herein, the author provides a suggested unified mechanism of development of all three types of auricular creases. In addition, an anatomical explanation linking the associated cardiometabolic disorders and the three types of ear creases to the common culprit of facial visceral adiposity will be given.

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The Pleating Effect Explains the Cardioauricular Connection

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Sideburns Obesity Syndrome: Is Sideburn Fat the Window to the Heart?

Sideburns Obesity Syndrome: Is Sideburn Fat the Window to the Heart?

Patients with Earlobe Crease May Associate with Lower Concentration of the Age-Suppressing Hormone Klotho

Unified Anatomical Explanation of Diagonal Earlobe Creases, Preauricular Creases, and Paired Creases of the Helix

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