The Polar Lipids of Some Species of Nocardia

Khuller, G. K.; Brennan, P. J.

doi:10.1099/00221287-73-2-409

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…(38,74). The presence of phosphatidylinositol (PI) in bacterial membranes has been described or predicted in fewer species: Listeria monocytogenes, Myxococcus xanthus, and actinomycetes such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (48,50,75,76). Despite the fact that PI had not previously been reported in Francisella (48,49), we decided to employ an ELISA that had been used to detect PI(3)P from host cells during infection or while expressing opiA (38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OpiA, a Type Six Secretion System Substrate, Localizes to the Cell Pole and Plays a Role in Bacterial Growth and Viability inFrancisella tularensisLVS

2020

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Francisella tularensis is an intracellular pathogen and the causative agent of tularemia. The F. tularensis type six secretion system (T6SS) is required for a number of host-pathogen interactions, including phagolysosomal escape and invasion of erythrocytes. One known effector of the T6SS, OpiA, has recently been shown to be a phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase. To investigate the role of OpiA in erythrocyte invasion, we constructed an opiA-null mutant in the live vaccine strain, F. tularensis LVS. OpiA was not required for erythrocyte invasion; however, deletion of opiA affected growth of F. tularensis LVS in broth cultures in a medium-dependent manner. We also found that opiA influenced cell size, gentamicin sensitivity, bacterial viability, and the lipid content of F. tularensis. A fluorescently tagged OpiA (OpiA–emerald-green fluorescent protein [EmGFP]) accumulated at the cell poles of F. tularensis, which is consistent with the location of the T6SS. However, OpiA-EmGFP also exhibited a highly dynamic localization, and this fusion protein was detected in erythrocytes and THP-1 cells in vitro, further supporting that OpiA is secreted. Similar to previous reports with F. novicida, our data demonstrated that opiA had a minimal effect on intracellular replication of F. tularensis in host immune cells in vitro. However, THP-1 cells infected with the opiA mutant produced modestly (but significantly) higher levels of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha compared to these host cells infected with wild-type bacteria. We conclude that, in addition to its role in host-pathogen interactions, our results reveal that the function of opiA is central to the biology of F. tularensis bacteria. IMPORTANCE F. tularensis is a pathogenic intracellular pathogen that is of importance for public health and strategic defense. This study characterizes the opiA gene of F. tularensis LVS, an attenuated strain that has been used as a live vaccine but that also shares significant genetic similarity to related Francisella strains that cause human disease. The data presented here provide the first evidence of a T6SS effector protein that affects the physiology of F. tularensis, namely, the growth, cell size, viability, and aminoglycoside resistance of F. tularensis LVS. This study also adds insight into our understanding of OpiA as a determinant of virulence. Finally, the fluorescence fusion constructs presented here will be useful tools for dissecting the role of OpiA in infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OpiA, a Type Six Secretion System Substrate, Localizes to the Cell Pole and Plays a Role in Bacterial Growth and Viability inFrancisella tularensisLVS

2020

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“…All species belonging to the genus Streptomyces seem to be able to form HOPs. Often the fatty acids present in the complex lipids are branched-chain fatty acids (Khuller and Brennan 1972;Jackson, Crick and Brennan 2000;Nampoothiri et al 2002;Sandoval-Calderón et al 2009;Seipke and Loria 2009).…”

Section: Taxonomic Group Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial membrane lipids: diversity in structures and pathways

Sohlenkamp¹,

Geiger²

2015

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

908

799

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For many decades, Escherichia coli was the main model organism for the study of bacterial membrane lipids. The results obtained served as a blueprint for membrane lipid biochemistry, but it is clear now that there is no such thing as a typical bacterial membrane lipid composition. Different bacterial species display different membrane compositions and even the membrane composition of cells belonging to a single species is not constant, but depends on the environmental conditions to which the cells are exposed. Bacterial membranes present a large diversity of amphiphilic lipids, including the common phospholipids phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and cardiolipin, the less frequent phospholipids phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylinositol and a variety of other membrane lipids, such as for example ornithine lipids, glycolipids, sphingolipids or hopanoids among others. In this review, we give an overview about the membrane lipid structures known in bacteria, the different metabolic pathways involved in their formation, and the distribution of membrane lipids and metabolic pathways across taxonomical groups.

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“…The most productive studies have involved analyses of mycolic acids (Lechevalier, Horan & Lechevalier, 1971 ;Maurice, Vacheron & Michel, 1971;Azuma et al, 1974;Alshamaony, Goodfellow & Minnikin, 1976a;Alshamaony et al, 19763) and polar lipids (Khuller & Brennan, 1972;Pommier & Michel, 1973;Komura et al, 1975).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Menaquinones in Actinomycetes and Corynebacteria

Collins

Pirouz

Goodfellow

et al. 1977

Journal of General Microbiology

2,118

1,298

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SUMMARYMenaquinones were the only isoprenoid quinones found in 48 corynebacteria and actinomycete strains examined. Dihydromenaquinones having nine isoprene units were the main components isolated from Gordona, Mycobacterium, Corynebacterium bovis, Corynebacterium glutamicum and a strain labelled Nocardia farcinica, but dihydromenaquinones having eight isoprene units were characteristic of other Corynebacterium species and representatives of the ' rhodochrous' complex. Tetrahydromenaquinones having six and eight isoprene units were found in Nocardia strains and in a single strain of Micropolyspora brevicatena, which also contained mycolic acids similar in chain length to those of Nocardia. Menaquinones having nine isoprene units with from one to five double bonds hydrogenated were the main Components in Actinomadura madurae, Actinomadura pelletieri, Micropolyspora faeni, Oerskovia turbata and Streptomyces strains. Actinomadura dassonvillei strains had a characteristic pattern of di-, tetra-and hexahydromenaquinones with 10 isoprene units which was slightly different from the pattern in mixtures of similar quinones from Actinomyces israelii and A c t inom y ces viscosus .

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The Polar Lipids of Some Species of Nocardia

Cited by 21 publications

References 2 publications

OpiA, a Type Six Secretion System Substrate, Localizes to the Cell Pole and Plays a Role in Bacterial Growth and Viability inFrancisella tularensisLVS

OpiA, a Type Six Secretion System Substrate, Localizes to the Cell Pole and Plays a Role in Bacterial Growth and Viability inFrancisella tularensisLVS

Bacterial membrane lipids: diversity in structures and pathways

Distribution of Menaquinones in Actinomycetes and Corynebacteria

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