The polarographic estimation of steroid hormones. 5. Determination of progesterone in blood

Butt, W. R.; Morris, Peggy; Morris, C J; Williams, Donald C.

doi:10.1042/bj0490434

Cited by 76 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…long, 1-0 cm. diameter) were packed in the manner described by Butt et al (1951) in glass tubes about 18 cm. long, one end being fitted with a B 14 standard joint and the other being flat glass with small holes (0-5 mm.…”

Section: Methods Employed For the Determination Of Progesteronementioning

confidence: 99%

The metabolism of progesterone by animal tissues in vitro. 1. Factors influencing the metabolism of progesterone by rat liver and the investigation of the products of metabolism

Taylor

1954

Biochemical Journal

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It has been found that in a large proportion of cases the febrile human excretes hydroxykynurenine. This excretion is, in particular, unrelated to tuberculosis or diabetes. It is attributed to a high rate of breakdown of body protein. 2. In states associated with weight loss but not accompanied by fever, hydroxykynurenine excretion could not be detected. 3. The normal human taking an excess of tryptophan by mouth excretes much kynurenine, but no, or negligible, hydroxykynurenine. 4. Possible reasons for this difference in excretory patterns are discussed. We thank Drs Russell Fraser, J. G. Scadding and J. C. Pond for arranging for the urine collections.

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Section: Methods Employed For the Determination Of Progesteronementioning

confidence: 99%

The metabolism of progesterone by animal tissues in vitro. 1. Factors influencing the metabolism of progesterone by rat liver and the investigation of the products of metabolism

Taylor

1954

Biochemical Journal

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“…The determination of column parameters was based on the work of Martin & Synge (1941) and Butt, Morris, Morris & Williams (1951). The equation of Butt et al (1951)…”

Section: Fractionation and Measurement Of Oe8trogen8mentioning

confidence: 99%

A method for the quantitative fractionation of mixtures of 2-methoxyoestrone, oestrone, ring D α-ketolic oestrogens, oestradiol-17β, 16-epioestriol and oestriol by partition chromatography and the Girard reaction

Givner¹,

Bauld²,

Vagi

1960

Biochemical Journal

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The object of this investigation was to develop a method for the quantitative fractionation of pure 2-methoxyoestrone, oestrone, ring D oc-ketolic oestrogens, oestradiol-17,B, 16-epioestriol and oestriol. This required, first, a technique for the Girard reaction which would result in quantitative recoveries, and, secondly, a method whereby the ketonic and non-ketonic oestrogen residues could be separated into fractions by partition chromatography. EXPERIMENTAL MaterialsReagents used were A.R. unless otherwise stated. Diethyl ether, benzene, methanol, ethanol (96 %, by wt.), Celite 535 and the Kober reagents were purified, prepared and tested as described by Bauld & Greenway (1957). The final distillation of solvents was done in all-glass apparatus.Absolute ethanol. Purified ethanol (96 %, by wt.) was left overnight with calcium oxide (300 g./l.), refluxed for 1 hr. and distilled under anhydrous conditions. Magnesium ethoxide was prepared with 75 ml. of dry ethanol, 5 g. of magnesium turnings and 0 5 g. of iodine. Dry ethanol (925 ml.) was then added, refluxed for 4 hr. and distilled (Vogel, 1951).Hexane. Hexane (Anachemia, Montreal, Canada, technical grade, b.p. 65-690) was washed with conc. H2SO4 (6 x 85 ml./l.) for 45 min. per washing, water (2 x 350 ml./l.), N-KMnO4 in 3.7 N-HiSO4 (4 x 85 ml./l.) and left overnight with the last KMnO4 portion. The hexane was then washed with water (4 x 170 ml./l.), 0.5 M-Na3CO3(1 x 35 ml./l.), water (4 x 170 ml./l.) and dried over Na2S04.The solvent (up to 31.) was poured through a column (48 in. x I in.) of 6-12-mesh silica gel, distilled and the 67.2-68.8°fraction collected.Stained glassware was cleaned with a solution of 0-4Noxalic acid in 3-7 N-H2SO4 .Girard P reagent (Girard & Sandule8co, 1936). Commercial material was refluxed with acid-washed charcoal in ethanol (96 %) for 15 min., filtered and left overnight at 5°. The crystals were washed with ethanol and stored in a brown bottle in a desiccator.

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“…Employing Howard & Martin's packing procedure, Butt et at. (169) have developed a method for the determination of progesterone in blood using" aqueous methanol saturated with n-hexane as the nonmobile phase. Quite close agreement was obtained for the .…”

Section: Column Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromatography

Moore¹,

Stein²

1952

Annu. Rev. Biochem.

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The present review will be focused primarily on innovations in chromato graphic principles or practice, covering the literature since the review by Martin (1) two years ago. Many of the applications of chromatography are dealt with in other sections of the volume, particularly those pertaining to amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids, sterols, and carbohydrates. The reviews in these fields for both 1951 and 1952 may be consulted for recent literature references. A complete bibliography on the subject of chromatography is beyond the scope of one review. It has appeared desirable to limit the present section to a selection of some of the newer developments which are extending the usefulness of the method.Several books on chromatography have been published in the past two years. Adsorption and Chromatography by' Ca , ssidy treatment of the principles of adsorption analysis, Zechmeister (3) has pre pared a supplement to his earlier volume, covering developments in the period from 1938 to 1947. Lederer (4) has written a report on the progress in the chromatography of organic compounds in the period 1939 to 1949. Cramer (5) has prepared a brief monograph on paper chromatography and related techniques, issued in the summer of 1951. Reviews have been written by Strain (6, 7), Boulanger & Biserte (8), and Berl (9). Paper chromatogra phy has been reviewed by Clegg (10).Theory of "partition" chromatography.-Sufficient data have been ac cumulated on the performance of a variety of systems to merit a brief review of the theory and the terminology of chromatographic techniques. The con cept of liquid-liquid (or "partition") chromatography, as introduced by Martin & Synge, has, more than any other single factor, stimulated the development of new chromatographic methods within the past few years. In their approach to liquid-liquid chromatographic systems, Martin & Synge were particularly concerned with two special characteristics of liquids -the ability of solutes to diffuse into the interior of liquid droplets, which can increase the capacity of a column packing, ana the absence of rigidly oriented surfaces in fluid materials, which can yield a system free from some of the uncertainties of adsorption on solid surfaces. These two properties are capable of setting liquid-liquid columns clearly apart from liquid-solid chroma tograms.Most of the column packings used in "partition " chromatography, how ever, are actually gels rather than true liquids [Martin (1), Synge (11)]. As such, they still possess, to a considerable degree, the two important attri butes of liquids emphasized above. But gels also possess additional properties, and it is these which lead to some of the differences observed between true 521 Annu. Rev. Biochem. 1952.21:521-546. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) on 11/27/14. For personal use only. Quick links to online content Further ANNUAL REVIEWS 1 The term "liquid chromatogram" has been used [ef. (2)1 to refer to experiments in which the solutes ...

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The polarographic estimation of steroid hormones. 5. Determination of progesterone in blood

Cited by 76 publications

References 7 publications

The metabolism of progesterone by animal tissues in vitro. 1. Factors influencing the metabolism of progesterone by rat liver and the investigation of the products of metabolism

The metabolism of progesterone by animal tissues in vitro. 1. Factors influencing the metabolism of progesterone by rat liver and the investigation of the products of metabolism

A method for the quantitative fractionation of mixtures of 2-methoxyoestrone, oestrone, ring D α-ketolic oestrogens, oestradiol-17β, 16-epioestriol and oestriol by partition chromatography and the Girard reaction

Chromatography

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