The King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center (KAPSARC) is a non-profit global institution dedicated to independent research into energy economics, policy, technology and the environment across all types of energy. KAPSARC's mandate is to advance the understanding of energy challenges and opportunities facing the world today and tomorrow, through unbiased, independent, and high-caliber research for the benefit of society. KAPSARC is located in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. E nergy is arguably the most valuable traded commodity in the world. Unlike most other commodities, energy resources are essential for economic and military activity and therefore have unique strategic importance, especially because states vary widely in their energy resource endowment.The social sciences, and political science, in particular, have developed advanced quantitative techniques and datasets for analyzing geopolitical and economic phenomena. Such tools carry the tremendous potential to further our understanding of global markets, especially the interactions between energy markets and political events at local, national and international levels. The Payne Institute of the Colorado School of Mines and KAPSARC held a joint workshop, "Analytical Approaches to Blending Political Science with the Study of Energy Markets," in April 2019. The following key points highlight the day-long discussion: Politics at all levels affects global energy markets. Local demands and national policymaking are increasingly situated at the heart of global energy relations. Future studies should connect local-and national-level factors to the outcomes of global energy markets. Future analysis of politics and global energy relations should include electricity and renewable technologies in addition to traditional energy sources such as oil and gas.Geopolitical risks remain as relevant for global energy markets as they were in the last century. The increasing presence of pipelines and liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminals, however, has reshaped our understanding of energy dependence between exporting and importing states.The renewable energy transition and accelerating demand for renewable energy investments call for studies to investigate the relationship between the market for rare earth minerals and interstate relations.The concepts and statistical tools of political science can help inform energy market scholars and policy experts and improve their forecasting capability. Some of these techniques include collective decision-making process models, spatial event analysis and advanced maximum likelihood estimation methods.Social science techniques for data collection and management, such as neural networks and deep learning, support vector mechanisms, and multiple imputation, will allow scholars to study the links between political phenomena and energy markets in ways that were not possible before.