The Political Ecology of Uneven Urban Green Space

Heynen, Nik; Perkins, Harold A.; Roy, Parama

doi:10.1177/1078087406290729

Cited by 596 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…45 Our findings also align with studies that found fewer street trees in poor and minority areas in Tampa, FL 46 and New York, NY. 47 The presence of wooded areas and trees are significant because esthetic preferences for trees and other natural characteristics are related to greater park use and walking for physical activity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Disparities in Built and Natural Features of Urban Parks: Comparisons by Neighborhood Level Race/Ethnicity and Income

Bruton

Floyd

2014

J Urban Health

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Known associations between the built environment and health outcomes have accelerated research examining racial/ethnic and income disparities in access to parks and other community features that support physical activity. Currently, it cannot be concluded that park characteristics are equal in quantity or condition across areas of disparate race/ethnicity and income composition. This study examined natural and built park characteristics across areas of different race/ethnicity and income composition to identify potential disparities. Twenty-one parks in Greensboro, NC (USA), located in minority or non-minority areas and in low or medium-high income areas were inventoried using a park audit tool and GIS. Parks were compared on number of activity areas, features, amenities, size, percent tree canopy, cleanliness, and condition. Independent sample t tests and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare means of outcome variables. Fisher's exact tests were applied for categorical variables. Fewer wooded areas and more trash cans were found in low-income and minority areas as compared to medium-high income and non-minority areas. Low-income areas were found to have more picnic areas than their counterparts. Sitting and resting features in non-minority areas were found to be cleaner than those in minority areas. Results showed some evidence of disparities in park characteristics. Findings can inform park policy and design as well as renovations and maintenance procedures, particularly in specific areas where existing disparities were identified.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Disparities in Built and Natural Features of Urban Parks: Comparisons by Neighborhood Level Race/Ethnicity and Income

Bruton

Floyd

2014

J Urban Health

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“…In addition, people aged over 65 years did not frequently visit the areas. Similar findings regarding the distribution and accessibility of green areas were observed in studies conducted in South-Africa and North-America where higher income seemed to correlate the amount and condition of urban green (Heynen et al 2006;McConnachie et al 2008). These findings encourage researchers to pay further attention to the accessibility of urban spaces to immigrants and the most vulnerable age groups, including children and adolescents besides elderly people.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Rather often, the analyses of environmental justice have focused on green areas (Heynen et al 2006;Sister et al 2006) although in many coastal areas like Helsinki, the importance of the shoreline for environmental justice is evident. Additionally, water bodies, such as lakes and rivers, play a significant role for the well-being of residents and visitors, providing positive preferences and experiences (Völker & Kistemann 2011), while smaller water bodies, such as streams and ponds, have a significant potential in providing environmental amenities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the distributive environmental justice of urban waters

Viinikka

Paloniemi²,

Assmuth³

2018

Fennia

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In this paper, we identify patterns of distributive environmental justice in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area (HMA) in terms of spatial proximity of urban waters, as a potential provider of a diverse set of environmental goods and well-being. Our focus is on the question how equally these benefits are distributed in HMA? To answer this we apply a GIS-based clustering analysis with spatial statistics to map the good and deprived access of different socio-economic and demographic groups to urban blue. We use income, education, language and age as factors to delineate residential areas and found not only differences in how various population groups are located in the four different municipalities of the HMA, but also differences in group distances to the nearest water areas. Results show that high income and high educational background, Swedish language and high age are factors more frequently related to living closer to water areas. At the same time, children, foreigners, and people having lower economic status tend to live further away from urban blue. This is important knowledge to be integrated into urban planning. The recognition of lacking opportunities suggests more consideration towards these aforementioned population groups to reduce inequality and to ensure just distribution of accessible and usable urban nature in the HMA.

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“…Past programs for economic restructuring and suburbanization can foster a spatial mismatch between where people can live, where people can work, and their subsequent contemporary access to decision making processes and outcomes (Morello-Frosch 2002). Access to property or green space in the city can be limited for certain racial or ethnic groups because of past decisions that have led to differential housing densities (Heynen et al 2006). …”

Section: Thick Injusticementioning

confidence: 99%

Justice in Urban Climate Change Adaptation: Criteria and Application to Delhi

Hughes¹

2013

E&S

131

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ABSTRACT. Cities around the world are increasingly developing plans to adapt to the consequences of climate change. These plans will have important consequences for urban populations because they are likely to reshape and reconfigure urban infrastructures, services, and decision making processes. It is critical that these adaptation plans are developed in a way that is just. Criteria was developed that can be used to assess justice in adaptation so that the processes, priorities, and impacts address the needs of the most vulnerable urban populations. Further, mechanisms are outlined that have been proposed as responsible for producing urban injustice. The justice criteria are applied to the case of adaptation planning in Delhi and the extent to which poor and informal populations are included and affected by this planning. The analysis shows that adaptation planning in Delhi does not meet the justice criteria in part because of a lack of capacity and the political economy of poverty in the city. The criteria for justice and mechanisms of injustice offer an important step toward developing a greater understanding of not only whether city-level adaptation planning is just, but also why it is or is not.

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The Political Ecology of Uneven Urban Green Space

Cited by 596 publications

References 49 publications

Disparities in Built and Natural Features of Urban Parks: Comparisons by Neighborhood Level Race/Ethnicity and Income

Disparities in Built and Natural Features of Urban Parks: Comparisons by Neighborhood Level Race/Ethnicity and Income

Mapping the distributive environmental justice of urban waters

Justice in Urban Climate Change Adaptation: Criteria and Application to Delhi

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