Culture matters for economic development. This postulate has been a main conceptual concern for the "old" institutional economics (OIE) and has lately also been tested through neoclassicalinspired econometric techniques. This conceptual foundation has been confirmed in several quantitative studies on developed countries, in particular cases from the USA, Germany, and Italy. In less developed regions with a wealth of cultural heritage, in particular SouthEast Europe, this postulate is still an underexplored issue from the perspective of advanced econometric approaches. The aim of the present paper is to examine the impact of what are called SouthEastern European cultural corridors on welfare-and especially on total employment-at the local or regional level. Accounting for gross value added and sectoral specialisation, the effect of such corridors is examined by considering the distance to a cultural corridor: namely, the East Trans-Balkan Road (crossing Romania, Bulgaria, and Greece) as an explanatory factor for regional development-in particular, employment. Using the European University Institute (EUI) European Regional Dataset (ERD), as well as the geo-data from the Cultural Corridors of the SouthEast Europe website, we estimate a regression model using a 2SLS instrumental variable (IV) approach, with a pooled data set at the NUTS 3 level (Eurostat) during the period 1980 to 2011. Next, we triangulate our results by using the distance to the cultural corridor concerned as a treatment effect in a propensity-score-matching and difference-indifferences exploratory analysis. Our findings confirm the importance of distance to the cultural corridor under investigation as a strong predictor for local socioeconomic development. Moreover, our results suggest that the slow evolution of culture over time is likely to lead to the gradual emergence of new geographical cultural centres and a new cultural path dependence built-up of persistence chains.