The Polyhexamethyleneguanidine Stimulation of Seeds Growing and Cell Proliferation

Abstract

Oligomer guanidines are highly efficient biocides against a broad spectrum of microorganisms. However, their stimulatory effects have not been studied yet. Our data allow us to expect the presence of growing stimulatory action for polyhexamethyleneguanidine (PHMG) under determined conditions. We investigated the action of the member of the polyguanidine family of biocides, PHMG on seeds growing. The comparative analysis of PHMG action was carried out on seeds of wheat, pea, rye, beet and maize. It was shown that of all PHMG salts tested only PHMG chloride and PHMG succinate could stimulate the growing of seeds. PHMG was also capable to increase their germination and vigor. The action on seeds of PHMG mixtures with inorganic salts (microelements) has also been examined. Amongst the drugs tested with a wide variety of ingredients the best stimulatory properties were proven for the composition of PHMG and succinic acid with boron, zinc, cobalt and magnesium. Most efficient growth stimulation was achieved after 15-minutes pre-sowing soaking of seeds of peas and beets. The stimulatory concentrations of PHMG were falling within the range of 0.001 to 0.5 %. Thus, the salts of PHMG can either depress or stimulate living organisms (including seeds) depending on PHMG concentration and anionic composition. The stimulation can be achieved by the non-specific adaptation of the cells (stress). In this case the stimulation is determined by the changes in the plasma membrane of the cell after adsorption of PHMG. The polycation of PHMG binds strongly with phosphoglycerides. Some lipids withdraw from participation in cellular processes. The acceleration the of new lipids synthesis and membrane-bound enzymes is likely to occure in the cell. The acceleration of new lipids synthesis and membrane-bound enzymes is likely to occur in the cell.

Effect of polymeric biocide polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride on morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters of wheat seedlings under copper stress

“…In general, the obtained results indicate the growthstimulating effect of PHMG-Cl on wheat seedlings in the concentration range of 0.001-0.1 %, at which it also shows bactericidal activity (Zhou Z et al 2011, Lysytsya A et al 2015. It confi rms the assumption about different biochemical and biophysical mechanisms of the effect of polymeric biocide on prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (Lysytsya A et al 2013). High effi ciency of cationic polymers against microorganisms is caused by their specifi c structure, in particular, by the presence of multiple positive charges within a single molecule that are able to compensate the negative charges present on the outer cell membranes of microbes (Carmona-Ribeiro AM, de Melo Carrasco LD 2013).. Due to these strong electrostatic interactions, PHMG is able to attack the cellular envelope, and subsequently associates itself with the head groups of the acidic phospholipids substituting metal cations (magnesium and calcium).…”

“…Therefore, a probable mechanism of stimulating activity of PHMG-Cl is in the adsorption of polycation onto plant cell membranes, which changes the motility of phospholipids and the regulatory activity of enzymes. This process may be characterized as non-specifi c adaptation of cells under the impact of polymeric biocide (Lysytsya A et al 2013).…”

“…It was established that pre-sowing treatment of wheat and corn seed with diluted water solutions of PHMG-Cl in the concentration of 0.01-0.05 % stimulated the increase in the growth indices of the seedlings by 10-50 %, enhanced grain yield, as well as improved plant resistance to pathogenic microfl ora. It has been found that PHMG salt with succinic acid, a known plant growth stimulator, has enhanced growth promoting effect on peas, rye, beets and corn seed growth (Lysytsya A et al 2013). The substances may have inhibiting (biocidal) or stimulating effect on seeds depending on concentration.…”