The polymorphism and haplotype of TLR3 gene in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and their associations with susceptibility/resistance to grass carp reovirus

Heng, Jianfu; Su, Jianguo; Huang, Teng; Dong, Jie; Chen, Lijun

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2010.09.004

Cited by 75 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…At day 3 post injection it could activate anti-inflammatory activities or release by pro-inflammatory factors. In a recent study, grass carp survived over 240 h post challenge were considered as resistant group after injected with GCRV [40]. In this study, inactivated bacterial vaccine was used for the induction experiments, and we surmised HSP60 could activate anti-inflammatory activities at day 3 post challenge.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Molecular cloning, characterization and expression patterns of HSP60 in the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Shen

et al. 2011

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Molecular cloning, characterization and expression patterns of HSP60 in the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Shen

et al. 2011

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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“…zebrafish [34] and [35], rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) [36], grass carp [37], common carp [16], rohu (Labeo rohita) [38] and catfish [21]. TLR3 seems to play an important role in the antiviral defense in all vertebrates studies including fish where it has been reported that polymorphisms/haplotypes of Tlr3 in grass carp have significant association with resistance/susceptibility to GCRV [39]. The previously reported common carp tlr3 sequence [16] was found to be a different gene to the ones described here and despite further search within the current version of the carp genome, no more tlr3-like sequences were discovered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

β-Glucan-supplemented diets increase poly(I:C)-induced gene expression of Mx, possibly via Tlr3-mediated recognition mechanism in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Falcó

Miest

Pionnier

et al. 2014

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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Highlights•mx expression was stable or slightly up-regulated in carp after β-glucan treatment.•Poly(I:C) markedly increased mx expression in samples from β-glucan fed fish.•Two sequences for carp tlr3 were retrieved (tlr3.1 and tlr3.2) and characterized.•β-Glucan-supplemented diets increased the transcript levels of both tlr3 genes. AbstractWe have previously observed that in common carp (Cyprinus carpio), administration of β-glucan (MacroGard®) as feed additive leads to a lower expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines suggesting that this immunostimulant may be preventing an acute and potentially dangerous response to infection, particularly in the gut. However, in general, mechanisms to detect and eliminate pathogens must also be induced in order to achieve an efficient clearance of the infection. Protection against viral diseases acquired through β-glucan-supplemented feed has been extensively reported for several experimental models in fish but the underlining mechanisms are still unknown. Thus, in order to better characterize the antiviral action induced by β-glucans in fish, MacroGard® was administered daily to common carp in the form of supplemented commercial food pellets. Carp were fed for a period of 25 days prior to intra-peritoneal injection with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), a well-known double-stranded RNA mimic that triggers a type-I interferon (IFN) response. Subsequently, a set of immune related genes, including mx, were analysed by real-time PCR on liver, spleen, head kidney and mid gut tissues. Results obtained confirmed that treatment with β-glucan alone generally down-regulated the mRNA expression of selected cytokines when compared to untreated fish, while mx gene expression remained stable or was slightly up-regulated. Injection with poly(I:C) induced a similar down-regulated gene expression pattern for cytokines in samples from β-glucan fed fish. In contrast, poly(I:C) injection markedly increased mx gene expression in samples from β-glucan fed fish but hardly in samples from © 2014. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ fish fed control feed. In an attempt to explain the high induction of mx, we studied Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) gene expression in these carp. TLR3 is a prototypical pattern recognition receptor considered important for the binding of viral double-stranded RNA and triggering of a type-I IFN response. Through genome data mining, two sequences for carp tlr3 were retrieved (tlr3.1 and tlr3.2) and characterized. Constitutive gene expression of both tlr3.1 and tlr3.2 was detected by real-time PCR in cDNA of all analysed carp organs. Strikingly, 25 days after β-glucan feeding, very high levels of tlr3.1 gene expression were observed in all analysed organs, with the exception of the liver. Our data suggest that β-glucan-mediated protection against viral diseases could be due to an increased Tlr3-mediated recognition of ligands, resulting in an increased antiviral activity of Mx.

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“…The GCRV challenge experiments were carried out as described by Su et al slight modifications [22,25]. Briefly, fish were injected intraperitoneally with 1.8 Â 10 7 PFU/g body weight of GCRV strain 991 or 50 ul PBS per gram body weight as control, and non-injected animals were used as blank group.…”

Section: Animals and Gcrv Challenge Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning and characterization of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Toll-like receptor 22 gene, a fish-specific gene

Huang

et al. 2012

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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The polymorphism and haplotype of TLR3 gene in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and their associations with susceptibility/resistance to grass carp reovirus

Cited by 75 publications

References 41 publications

Molecular cloning, characterization and expression patterns of HSP60 in the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Molecular cloning, characterization and expression patterns of HSP60 in the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

β-Glucan-supplemented diets increase poly(I:C)-induced gene expression of Mx, possibly via Tlr3-mediated recognition mechanism in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Cloning and characterization of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Toll-like receptor 22 gene, a fish-specific gene

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