The one-dimensional deformation of a material and subsequent unloading in the vicinity of a single cylindrical discontinuity is calculated using the theory of large viscoelastoplastic strains. Emphasis is on the formation of a residual stress field during the loading-unloading process and the effect of the viscous properties of the material on the level and distribution of these stresses. A comparison is performed with results of solution of the corresponding problem using the theory of large elastoplastic strains.Introduction. The formation of a residual stress field in the vicinity of a cylindrical discontinuity has been previously considered for the model of large elastoplastic strains [1]. It turned out that the assumption of an ideal nature of plastic flow and allowance for only the elastic properties of the material during its deformation before plastic flow and during unloading are responsible for the adjustability of the defect to cyclic loads. In other words, irreversible strains near the defect are not accumulated with increase in the number of cycles, and residual stresses in its vicinity remain unchanged after each unloading. It is obvious that allowance for the viscous properties of the material during its irreversible deformation leads to the deceleration of plastic flow and, hence, to the development of a discontinuity. The rate of discontinuity development is the main factor that determines the fatigue strength of the article working under cyclic loads. The manifestation of viscous properties in the deformation stage preceding plastic flow or in the unloading stage is less obvious. Below, we consider exactly this case, assuming, as in [1], that the plastic flow is ideal. We note that the displacements of points of the medium being deformed in the vicinity of the discontinuity are commensurable with the defect size; therefore the assumption of small strains cannot be used. In the vicinity of the discontinuity they are always larger.1. Basic Modeling Relations. One of the goals of the present study is to compare the results obtained with the results of solution of the problem in question for the model of an ideal elastoplastic medium. As noted above, this problem is considered in [1] using the model of large elastoplastic strains proposed in [2]. Therefore, the given mathematical model is chosen as the basis for the construction of further modeling relations. In [2], the splitting of the total Almansi strains d ij into the reversible component e ij and irreversible component p ij is based on the requirement that the components of the latter vary during unloading in a similar manner as in the case of rigid body motion. Therefore, we define the components of the total Almansi strains using the equations of their transfer [3]: dp ij dt = ε p ij − ε p ik p kj − p ik ε p kj + r ik p kj − p ik r kj ,