The Post-Activation Potentiation Effect on Squat Jump Performance: Age and Sex Effect

Arabatzi, Fotini; Patikas, Dimitrios; Zafeiridis, Andreas; Giavroudis, Konstantinos; Kannas, Theodoros; Gourgoulis, Vassilios; Kotzamanidis, C.

doi:10.1123/pes.2013-0052

Cited by 61 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Previous investigations have demonstrated that bodyweight exercises may be capable of producing similar magnitudes of performance gains as high load gym-based exercises. The 3.1-3.8% improvements we observed in jump height following repeated bouts of lunging are comparable to the 2.5-5.5% improvements seen with high load squat variations (>80% 1RM) and isometric contractions [1,3,30]. In further support of our data, previous studies of low load box jumps have reported gains in vertical jump performance [5,6].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Lunging Exercise Potentiates a Transient Improvement in Neuromuscular Performance in Young Adults

Horan¹,

Watson²,

Lambert³

et al. 2015

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

High-load resistance-based exercise is a common approach to facilitating improved neuromuscular performance via postactivation potentiation. Popular field-based warm-up activities, however, have been largely overlooked despite their specificity and practicality for sports performance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of repeated bouts of alternating lunges on neuromuscular performance determined by a maximal vertical jump (VJ). Forty-three healthy young adults (24 women and 19 men: age, 25.6 ± 4.4 years) participated in the study. Maximal VJ performance was quantified by jump height (in centimeters), relative impulse (in N·s·kg), flight time (in seconds), and normalized peak vertical ground reaction force (GRFz, bodyweight [BW]) at baseline and after each of 6 sets of 20 alternate split lunges. A rating of perceived exertion (1-10 scale) was recorded from participants before each VJ. Jump height was greater than baseline for the first 4 trials (3.1-3.8%, p ≤ 0.05), but no difference to baseline was observed on subsequent trials. Although there were no improvements for relative impulse over repeated trials, the sixth trial was significantly smaller than baseline (2.35 ± 0.38 vs. 2.26 ± 0.35 N·s·kg; p ≤ 0.001). Similarly, no improvements were observed for flight time, although the first, fourth, fifth, and sixth trials were reduced compared with baseline performance (p ≤ 0.01). No differences were observed for peak vertical GRFz (p > 0.05). In conclusion, a regimen of lunging exercise resulted in a transient improvement in maximal VJ performance. However, measures of flight time, impulse, and GRFz did not mirror the performance gain in jump height.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Lunging Exercise Potentiates a Transient Improvement in Neuromuscular Performance in Young Adults

Horan¹,

Watson²,

Lambert³

et al. 2015

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These physiological enhancements lead to intensified type-II motor unit recruitment, increased actin-myosin cross-bridge activity within muscle fibres and decreased inhibition of the Golgi apparatus (Chiu et al, 2003;Hilfiker et al, 2007;Sale, 2004;Xenofondos et al, 2010) causing a more powerful contraction of the muscle and observed improvement in anaerobic sprint speed. The improved performance in adolescent population used in the present investigation is contrary to the PAP and repeated sprint performance 3 findings reported in similar aged populations (Arabatzi et al, 2014;Till & Cooke, 2009). This finding may relate to the repeated sprint task being more sensitive to the physiological changes that occur than events such as a squat or counter jump task.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

The effect of heavy resistance exercise on repeated sprint performance in youth athletes

Low

Harsley

Shaw

et al. 2015

Journal of Sports Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This investigation assessed whether prior heavy resistance exercise would improve the repeated sprint performance of 16 trained youth soccer players (Age 17.05 ± 0.65 years; height 182.6 ± 8.9 cm; body mass 77.8 ± 8.2 kg). In session 1, individual 1 repetition max was measured utilising a squat movement. In sessions 2 and 3, participants performed a running-based repeated anaerobic sprint test with and without prior heavy resistance exercise of 91% of their 1 repetition max. Times were recorded for each of the 6 sprints performed in the repeated sprint test and summed to provide total time. T-tests compared the two exercise conditions via differences in corresponding sprint times and total time. Analysis revealed significantly reduced total time with use of heavy resistance exercise (33.48 (±1.27) vs. 33.59 (±1.27); P = 0.01). Sprints 1 (P = 0.05) and 2 (P = 0.02) were also faster in the heavy resistance exercise condition (5.09 (±0.16) vs. 5.11 (±0.16) and 5.36 (±0.24) vs. 5.45 (±0.26) seconds respectively) although no other differences were shown. Findings demonstrate improved sprint times of trained adolescent soccer players after heavy resistance exercise although benefits appear not as sustained as in adult participants.

show abstract

“…For instance although children and adults demonstrated similar PAP levels in terms of twitch torque (Pääsuke, 2000), children are not able to improve their jumping performance as adults do after a conditioning stimulus (Arabatzi et al, 2014). This indicates that deterioration in technique could mask the PAP effect, especially immediately after the conditioning stimulus when the fatigue effect is more prominent.…”

Section: Responsibility Of the Organizing Committee Of The Conferencementioning

confidence: 88%

Theoretical Background and Practical Applications of the Physiological Mechanism of Post-Activation Potentiation

Patikas

Xenofondos²,

Kotzamanidis³

2016

European Proceedings of Social &Amp; Behavioural Sciences

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Post-activation potentiation (PAP) is a mechanism that has gained interest in research during the past years. This is due to the fact that several studies use this physiological mechanism as a tool to improve athletic performance. This review will describe the basic principles of PAP and how exercise can influence the existence and magnitude of PAP. As definition, PAP is the phenomenon of increased force or twitch output that occurs after a high-intensity voluntary or evoked contraction. Although PAP is assumed to occur within the muscle due to the increased phosphorylation of the myosin light chains, several other factors can influence its appearance. The fact that fatigue counteracts the level of PAP, muscular as well as neural properties of the neuromuscular system contribute to the final outcome, despite the fact that PAP is mainly a mechanism that is attributed to changes in muscular level. During the past 5 years, our research group has examined in depth central and peripheral mechanisms that influence performance under the co-existence of PAP and fatigue. Numerous techniques combining the application of electromyography, electrical stimulation and force recording are briefly presented and discussed with emphasis on the practical aspect of interpretation on athletic performance. Using such techniques, some of the recent findings of our research group are presented, giving an insight in the PAP effect immediately after a contraction or after series of contractions and the effectiveness of long-term combined training programs.

show abstract

The Post-Activation Potentiation Effect on Squat Jump Performance: Age and Sex Effect

Cited by 61 publications

References 0 publications

Lunging Exercise Potentiates a Transient Improvement in Neuromuscular Performance in Young Adults

Lunging Exercise Potentiates a Transient Improvement in Neuromuscular Performance in Young Adults

The effect of heavy resistance exercise on repeated sprint performance in youth athletes

Theoretical Background and Practical Applications of the Physiological Mechanism of Post-Activation Potentiation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About