The post‐natal changes in minimal metabolic rate in the pig

Studziński, T.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1972.sp009896

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…2). Similar results were obtained by Studzinski (1972). As shown in figure 2, changes in 0 2 consumption (ml/kg BW) were closely related to changes in milk energy intake (M, cal/kg BW1.…”

Section: Metabolic Ratesupporting

confidence: 74%

Body composition, metabolic rate and utilization of milk nutrients in suckling piglets

Noblet¹,

Etienne²,

BLANCHARD³

et al. 1987

Reprod. Nutr. Dévelop.

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“…2). Similar results were obtained by Studzinski (1972). As shown in figure 2, changes in 0 2 consumption (ml/kg BW) were closely related to changes in milk energy intake (M, cal/kg BW1.…”

Section: Metabolic Ratesupporting

confidence: 74%

Body composition, metabolic rate and utilization of milk nutrients in suckling piglets

Noblet¹,

Etienne²,

BLANCHARD³

et al. 1987

Reprod. Nutr. Dévelop.

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“…level. From the results of Cairnie & Pullar (1957), Studzinski (1972), Kovacs & Rafai (1973), it could also be reasonably assumed that a temperature of 28" was close to the CT for the actual feeding level. Thus the present results clearly showed that piglets raised in groups in totally wired cages require a high environmental temperature (approximately 28") particularly during a period of I 2 d after early weaning.…”

Section: Growth Performance and Energy Metabolizabilitymentioning

confidence: 94%

Effects of environmental temperature on heat production, energy retention, protein and fat gain in early weaned piglets

Dividich¹,

Vermorel²,

Noblet³

et al. 1980

Br J Nutr

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I. Six experiments, each involving two groups of six piglets, were designed to study the influence of environmental temperature on heat production, energy retention and protein and fat gain in early weaned piglets. Immediately after weaning, at a mean age of 25 d, the animals were raised in two open circuit respiratory chambers. Each chamber was equipped with a totally wired cage. The piglets were paired-fed and maintained at environmental temperatures of 20, 24 or 28". Four replicates were used for each temperature. Metabolizable energy, heat production and nitrogen balance were measured during two consecutive periods (A and B), each of 6 d duration.2. Heat production was higher at 20' than at 24 and 28" during periods A and B. Energy retention was negative during period A, it was positive during period B and increased with temperature.3. Protein deposition was always positive and independent of environmental temperature. The net efficiency of protein utilization was 0.77. 4. Body fat was mobilized during period A at a higher rate at zoo than 28". During period B, fat gain increased with increase in temperature.5. The calculated ME requirement for maintenance amounted to 411 kJ/kg body-weight 0"6 per d at 28O.6. The critical temperature of early weaned piglets raised in intensive modem housing and fed at about go % of the ad lib. intake is close to 28" during the first 12 d after weaning.Considerable attention has been given during the last decade to the influence of environmental temperature on energy metabolism in the newborn pig and the growing pig (Holmes & Close, 1977). In contrast, there is little available information on the energy metabolism of piglets immediately after weaning in spite of the likely effects of thermal environment on performance (Le Dividich & Aumaitre, 1978). The thermal insulation of 3-4 weeks old piglets is poorly developed and modern intensive housing systems, particularly those of early weaning in totally wired cages, does not afford protection against adverse climatic conditions. Recently, Close & Stanier (1979) studied the effect of environmental temperature on energy and nitrogen metabolism in early weaned piglets. However, the authors did not take into account the immediate period following weaning. From a nutritional point of view, this period is associated with a temporary under-feeding (Leibbrandt et al. 1975a) so that the heat increment of feeding available for maintaining homoeothermy in the cold is limited. The question arises therefore as to the extent to which energy and protein intake contribute to the energy requirements for thermoregulation and growth in piglets exposed to cold environmental conditions immediately after early weaning.The purpose of the present experiment was to investigate the effect of environmental temperature on energy and N metabolism of piglets immediately after early weaning, i.e. without any habituation to the experimental treatments. To make the conditions more closely comparable with those of the animals' normal mode of rearing, piglets were...

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“…Although this constancy in adults is generally accepted, it has long been known that BMR per kg3I4 can be much higher in young animals (Brody 1945;Cooke 1968), and there is reason to believe that it is influenced by growth rate in the young or by the rate of tissue regeneration in adults (Talbot et al 1937;Brody 1945;von Bertalanffy and Pirozynski 1953;Lees et al 1965). While there is sufficient documentation on BMR in man for metabolic rate to be predicted from weight, height and age (Quenouille et al 1951), the published information for livestock is relatively restricted and lacks the detail and uniformity necessary for the derivation of general predictive equations (Ritzman and Benedict 1930;Peirce 1934;Ritzman and Colovos 1941 ;Alexander 1962;Studzinski 1972). Equations have been published for adult sheep (Graham 1967a) but not for young animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basal metabolic rate in lambs and young sheep

Graham¹,

Searle²,

Da³

1974

Aust. J. Agric. Res.

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Basal metabolic rate (BMR) was determined in 56 crossbred sheep, up to 10 observations being made on each animal between 1 week of age and 2$ years. The level of feeding was varied amongst the sheep so that there was a wide range in growth rate at each age. BMR was estimated as heat production under standard conditions of fasting. Trends during fasting were studied in four sheep at ages 3 weeks, 2 months and 9 months.The effects on BMR of body weight (or fat-free weight), age, prior growth rate and prior nutrition were examined statistically by estimating the parameters of a series of model equations by a least squares iterative method. Analysis of lamb and sheep data separately and combined showed that all these variates contributed significantly to BMR.Of the variance of BMR, 89 % was accounted for in a body weight term, kgX, in which the value of x was not significantly different from if one or more of the other variates were in the model;x was unity when fat-free weight was used instead of body weight. If body weight was used alone, x was smaller for both lambs and weaners, being c. 0.60; with fat-free weight the values for lambs and weaners were 0.71 and 0.96 respectively. Age, growth rate and level of feeding were of approximately equal importance, together accounting for a further 6% of the total variance. BMR declined by c. 8 % per annum and was affected to the extent of 2.8 kJ per gram body weight gain and 46 kJ per MJ digestible energy intake before fasting (all values per 24 hr). Thus an increase in growth rate in a lamb from zero to maximal (0.3 kglday) caused BMR to increase by 50%, and an increase of food intake by 1 kg/day in an averLge adult sheep caused BMR to increase by 10%. For any given set of these variates, BMR was 23 % higher in milk-fed lambs than in weaned sheep.An equation was derived for sheep in general; the residual standard deviation was c. 300 kJ/24 hr, or 7-8 % of BMR in an average adult sheep. Some evidence was cited to show that this equation may be used to predict BMR in growing and adult cattle by multiplying the whole expression by 1.3.

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The post‐natal changes in minimal metabolic rate in the pig

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Body composition, metabolic rate and utilization of milk nutrients in suckling piglets

Body composition, metabolic rate and utilization of milk nutrients in suckling piglets

Effects of environmental temperature on heat production, energy retention, protein and fat gain in early weaned piglets

Basal metabolic rate in lambs and young sheep

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