The Posterior Pituitary Gland

Chard, Tim

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1975.tb03308.x

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…During suckling, which has been regarded as a specific stimulus for oxytocin release (Chard, 1975) the plasma neurophysin I1 levels showed a highly significant increase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Neurophysin Concentrations in the Pituitary and Circulation of Humans

Dax

Clappison

Pullan

et al. 1979

Clinical Endocrinology

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Specific, homologous human neurophysin I and II radioimmunoassays were established and used to measure the individual, immunoreactive neurophysin concentrations in human plasma. Circulating levels of human neurophysin I in normal individuals were less than 1 ng/ml and neurophysin II levels were 1-2 ng/ml. During dehydration, there was a significant rise in plasma neurophysin I, together with an increase in neurophysin II. Haemorrhage also was associated with a rise in plasma neurophysin I and II, but the percent increase was greater for I than II. In two subjects in whom nicotine inhalation caused a rise in plasma neurophysin I, there was no detectable increase in plasma neurophysin II. These stimuli which have been reported to release vasopressin from the posterior pituitary also are associated with the differential release of neurophysin I. Plasma neurophysin II levels could more clearly be shown to rise independently of plasma neurophysin I during events thought to be related to oxytocin release. Plasma neurophysin II levels were significantly elevated in women taking oral contraceptives. Similarly during pregnancy there was a progressive rise in plasma neurophysin II concentration which was proportional to the period of gestation. Plasma neurophysin II concentrations in seven of fifteen nursing women rose significantly during suckling. There was no detectable change in plasma neurophysin I concentrations during any of these events. Plasma neurophysin I and II levels were both significantly elevated in fourteen patients with chronic renal failure and rose over haemodialysis, suggesting that the kidney may be the major route of clearance of the neurophysins. In humans the independent release of neurophysin II was associated with stimuli thought to release oxytocin, but neurophysin I showed only a differential release compared to neurophysin II in vasopressin stimulated events.

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“…During suckling, which has been regarded as a specific stimulus for oxytocin release (Chard, 1975) the plasma neurophysin I1 levels showed a highly significant increase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Neurophysin Concentrations in the Pituitary and Circulation of Humans

Dax

Clappison

Pullan

et al. 1979

Clinical Endocrinology

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“…Episodic release has been observed with other pituitary hormones including luteinizing hormone (Santen & Bardin, 1973), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (Kreiger, 1974), and oxy¬ tocin (Chard, 1975), and is now clearly shown for prolactin. The estimated half-life of prolactin in the circulation is about 15 min (Friesen, Hwang, Guyda, Tolis, Tyson & Myers, 1972); this is compatible with the fluctuations observed here if the entry of the hormone into the circulation is in the form of a bolus (Gibbens, Boyd, Crocker, Baumber & Chard, 1972).…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Short-Term Variation in Blood Levels of Prolactin in Women

Leighton¹,

McNeilly²,

Chard³

1976

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Since the elucidation of the structure and the synthesis of oxytocin [23], a considerable amount of information has become available on the production sites and mechanisms of transport/release of this hormone [5]. In spite of these discoveries and the extensive clinical use of oxytocin [49] the function of this hormone in human labor is still controversial [46].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%