The Potency of Anadara nodifera Shell as Natural Testosterone Booster for Male Canary (Seriunus canaria)

Abstract

Anadara clam shell contains high Zinc. This microelement is recognised as acting natural aromatase blocker (NAB) that capable of boosting testosterone level. The aim of this study was to evaluates the testosterone level of Canaries following Anadara nodifera administration. Adult male Canaries (n = 27) were group into 3 with 9 repetition of each i.e T0 [control, was given by Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sodium (Na-CMC)], T1 (Zinc Sulphate 0.013 mg/30 g BW), and T2 (NAB 0.3 mg/30 g BW). The T2 treatment was NAB or shell powder of Anadara nodifera which was diluted 1:1 in Na-CMC. The birds were treated orally for 21 days. The complete blood cell count was performed in a haemo analyser except the erythrocyte was calculated manually in the Improved Neubauer counting chamber. Testosterone level was measured in ELISA. Subsequently gen CYP19 aromatase in syrinx, brain and testis were identified employing IHC and descriptively analysed. The result indicated significant elevated level of testosterone (p<0.05). The expression of CYP19 aromatase receptor was depressed in syrinx, brain and testis. However there was no significant changes on the blood profile (p>0.05). To conclude, Anadara nodifera at 0.3 mg/30 g BW was capable of acting as NAB to promote testosterone level. This was confirmed by the reduction of CYP19 aromatase gene receptors in syrinx, brain and testis. However NAB treatment was not significantly affecting routine blood profile.

Growth, pectoralis muscle performance, and testis of pelung cockerels (Gallus gallus gallus [Linnaeus, 1758]) supplemented with blood clam shell powder (Anadara granosa [Linnaeus, 1758])

“…The Zn contained in BCSP can increase testosterone which further affected the FA, NM, MA, and PCNA-positive cells. These results are in accordance with Yuneldi et al [5] and Astuti et al [19,24], who showed that A. granosa shell powder at 0.9 mg/kg BW, 0.3 mg/30 g BW, and 0.18 mg/200 g BW was capable of increasing the testosterone levels in pelung cockerels, canaries, and rats. According to Li et al [7], the elevation of testosterone can significantly increase the FA, NM, and MA, and according to Taylor et al [51], Mean with different superscripts within the same column are significantly different (p < 0.05).…”

“…[ 5 ] and Astuti et al . [ 19 , 24 ], who showed that A. granosa shell powder at 0.9 mg/kg BW, 0.3 mg/30 g BW, and 0.18 mg/200 g BW was capable of increasing the testosterone levels in pelung cockerels, canaries, and rats. According to Li et al .…”

“…High intracellular phosphorylation can inhibit aromatase enzyme activity which inhibits the conversion of testosterone to estradiol [ 5 , 24 , 55 , 56 ]. This causes an elevation of the hormone testosterone [ 19 , 51 , 55 – 57 ]. This is supported by Yuneldi et al .…”

“…High intracellular phosphorylation can inhibit aromatase enzyme activity which inhibits the conversion of testosterone to estradiol [5,24,55,56]. This causes an elevation of the hormone testosterone [19,51,[55][56][57]. This is supported by Yuneldi et al [18], who demonstrated that BCSP at 0.036 mg/40 g BW as a NAB increased testosterone levels in male layer chicks.…”

“…Improvement of pectoralis muscle is characterized by the increasing number of myofibers in one fascicle, myofiber area (MA), fascicle area (FA), and proliferation in the nucleus of muscle cells [9][10][11][12]. The increase in growth and the pectoralis muscle characteristics of pelung cockerels is triggered by the hormone testosterone [5,7,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. The hormone testosterone in male animals is produced by the testes [5].…”