The potential and value of objective eye tracking in the ophthalmology clinic

Clark, Rosie; Blundell, James; Dunn, Matthew; Erichsen, Jonathan Thor; Giardini, Mario; Gottlob, Irène; Harris, Chris; Lee, Helena; McIlreavy, Lee; Olson, Andrew; Self, James; Viñuela-Navarro, Valldeflors; Waddington, Jonathan; Woodhouse, J. Margaret; Gilchrist, Iain D.; Williams, Cathy

doi:10.1038/s41433-019-0417-z

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…EMR is particularly valuable for patients with oscillatory eye movements as it can reveal the underlying nystagmus waveform that distinguishes various types of nystagmus and saccadic oscillations. EMR recording can also detect abnormal smooth pursuit, saccades, OKN, and vestibular responses depending on the type of equipment at hand [ 34 ].…”

Section: Basic Clinical Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of nystagmus in children: a review of the literature and current practice in UK specialist services

Self

Dunn

Erichsen

et al. 2020

Eye

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Nystagmus is an eye movement disorder characterised by abnormal, involuntary rhythmic oscillations of one or both eyes, initiated by a slow phase. It is not uncommon in the UK and regularly seen in paediatric ophthalmology and adult general/strabismus clinics. In some cases, it occurs in isolation, and in others, it occurs as part of a multisystem disorder, severe visual impairment or neurological disorder. Similarly, in some cases, visual acuity can be normal and in others can be severely degraded. Furthermore, the impact on vision goes well beyond static acuity alone, is rarely measured and may vary on a minute-to-minute, day-to-day or month-to-month basis. For these reasons, management of children with nystagmus in the UK is varied, and patients report hugely different experiences and investigations. In this review, we hope to shine a light on the current management of children with nystagmus across five specialist centres in the UK in order to present, for the first time, a consensus on investigation and clinical management.

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Section: Basic Clinical Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of nystagmus in children: a review of the literature and current practice in UK specialist services

Self

Dunn

Erichsen

et al. 2020

Eye

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“…The testability of the group was 75% and should be evaluated on a larger group. Lower testability in children with nystagmus is expected, since other clinical findings such as abnormal head posture, head shaking, flickering eyes, and other neurological conditions associated with nystagmus can influence eye tracking data quality [29,30]. Lower testability of children with visual impairment (38%) compared to children with normal vision (64%) on 4 alternative choice PL task, assessed with gaze tracking, has been recently also demonstrated by Barsingerhorn et al [15].…”

Section: Discussion/conclusionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Automated Visual Acuity Evaluation Based on Preferential Looking Technique and Controlled with Remote Eye Tracking

2020

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Objective. To establish an automated visual acuity test (AVAT) for infants, based on preferential looking technique and controlled with remote eye tracking. To validate the AVAT in a group of healthy children. To compare AVAT visual acuity (VA) values with corresponding VA values, acquired with standard tests (ST). Methods. ST, adapted for age (Keeler acuity cards in preverbal children, LEA symbols in verbal children), was performed to obtain monocular VA in a group of 36 healthy children. During AVAT, nine different stimuli with grating circles that matched spatial frequencies of nine Keeler acuity cards (raging between 0.29–14.5 cycles per degree) were projected on a screen. Three repetitions of each stimulus were showed during nine-second intervals, interchanging with an attention grabber. The remote eye tracker was used to evaluate the proportion of time a child spent looking at each grating circle compared to a homogenous grey background that matched the grating stimuli in average luminance. From this proportion of time child's binocular VA was evaluated. Results. 97 % (35/36) of healthy children successfully completed ST and AVAT. There was an agreement between the results of a ST and AVAT, Lin’s concordance coefficient being 0,53 (95% CI= 0,31–0,72). A tendency was observed towards VA overestimation on AVAT for children with VA> 0.4 logMAR on ST and towards VA underestimation on AVAT for children with VA ≤ 0.4 logMAR on ST. Conclusions. AVAT requires a minimally skilled investigator. The evaluation of better eye monocular VA on ST and binocular VA on AVAT were comparable for healthy children.

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“…Electronic devices are usually more accessible and less expensive than specialized tests, as well as more robust to degradation over time. Furthermore, using electronic devices for testing opens the possibility to automate the tests, making them faster and easier to use [18]. All these advantages combined suggest that electronic tests may outperform the more traditional physical tests in current clinical practice and may pose lower demands on the skillset required by the operators, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screen and Virtual Reality-Based Testing of Contrast Sensitivity

Vivas-Mateos

Boswell

Livingstone

et al. 2020

2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &Amp; Biology Society (EMBC)

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Contrast sensitivity is a key visual ability for everyday tasks, as well as a potential indicator of important optical and neurological diseases. Current clinical standards, based on visual discrimination performance on printed charts, present problems that could be bypassed using electronic devices. This work describes the development of new tests for contrast sensitivity, based on the detection of a moving target on a computer screen and in virtual reality headset. It presents preliminary evaluation of these innovations by comparison of their performance, using healthy adults with normal vision and by artificially altering their contrast sensitivity. The results demonstrate consistent correlation between all test modalities explored. Clinical Relevance-This study presents new digital tests for the measurement of contrast sensitivity that may offer a pathway to automated testing, reducing the demand on the skillset of the operators.

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The potential and value of objective eye tracking in the ophthalmology clinic

Cited by 21 publications

References 18 publications

Management of nystagmus in children: a review of the literature and current practice in UK specialist services

Management of nystagmus in children: a review of the literature and current practice in UK specialist services

Automated Visual Acuity Evaluation Based on Preferential Looking Technique and Controlled with Remote Eye Tracking

Screen and Virtual Reality-Based Testing of Contrast Sensitivity

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