The Potential Effectiveness of Warning Labels on Cigarette Packages

Koval, John J.; Aubut, Jo-Anne; Pederson, Linda L.; O’Hegarty, Michelle; Chan, Stella S H

doi:10.1007/bf03404031

Cited by 38 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Studies were published between 1997 and 2005 and were conducted in Australia,46 Canada,47 48 the United States49 and The Netherlands 50. We found no consistent evidence of differential effects on smoking behaviour by education for smoking behaviour46 50 or on smoking attitudes or behaviour by gender 46 48 50.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 60%

Population tobacco control interventions and their effects on social inequalities in smoking: systematic review

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective:To assess the effects of population tobacco control interventions on social inequalities in smoking.Data sources:Medical, nursing, psychological, social science and grey literature databases, bibliographies, hand-searches and contact with authors.Study selection:Studies were included (n = 84) if they reported the effects of any population-level tobacco control intervention on smoking behaviour or attitudes in individuals or groups with different demographic or socioeconomic characteristics.Data extraction:Data extraction and quality assessment for each study were conducted by one reviewer and checked by a second.Data synthesis:Data were synthesised using graphical (“harvest plot”) and narrative methods. No strong evidence of differential effects was found for smoking restrictions in workplaces and public places, although those in higher occupational groups may be more likely to change their attitudes or behaviour. Smoking restrictions in schools may be more effective in girls. Restrictions on sales to minors may be more effective in girls and younger children. Increasing the price of tobacco products may be more effective in reducing smoking among lower-income adults and those in manual occupations, although there was also some evidence to suggest that adults with higher levels of education may be more price-sensitive. Young people aged under 25 are also affected by price increases, with some evidence that boys and non-white young people may be more sensitive to price.Conclusions:Population-level tobacco control interventions have the potential to benefit more disadvantaged groups and thereby contribute to reducing health inequalities.

show abstract

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 60%

Population tobacco control interventions and their effects on social inequalities in smoking: systematic review

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In our study, the health warning labels increased the curiosity of around 20% of females to be better informed or be helped to stop smoking. Similarly, in a study by Koval et al, female current smokers were more likely to think about quitting smoking 56. Furthermore, males were significantly more affected by the health warnings related to physical fitness ability, particularly shortness of breath.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Motivation to quit smoking and acceptability of shocking warnings on cigarette packages in Lebanon

Layoun¹,

Salameh²,

Waked³

et al. 2017

PPA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionHealth warnings on tobacco packages have been considered an essential pillar in filling the gap of knowledge and communicating the health risks of tobacco use to consumers. Our primary objective was to report the perception of smokers on the textual health warnings already appearing on tobacco packages in Lebanon versus shocking pictures about the health-related smoking consequences and to evaluate their impact on smoking behaviors and motivation.MethodsA pilot cross-sectional study was undertaken between 2013 and 2015 in five hospitals in Lebanon. Participants answered a questionnaire inquiring about sociodemographic characteristics, chronic respiratory symptoms, smoking behavior and motivation to quit smoking. Only-text warning versus shocking pictures was shown to the smokers during the interview.ResultsExactly 66% of the participants reported that they thought shocking pictorial warnings would hypothetically be more effective tools to reduce/quit tobacco consumption compared to only textual warnings. Also, 31.9% of the smokers who were motivated to stop smoking reported that they actually had stopped smoking for at least 1 month secondary to the textual warnings effects. A higher motivation to quit cigarette smoking was seen among the following groups of smokers: males (odds ratio [OR] =1.8, P=0.02), who had stopped smoking for at least 1 month during the last year due to textual warning (OR =2.79, P<0.001), who considered it very important to report health warning on cigarette packs (OR =1.92, P=0.01), who had chronic expectoration (OR =1.81, P=0.06) and who would change their favorite cigarette pack if they found shocking images on the pack (OR =1.95, P=0.004).ConclusionLow-dependent smokers and highly motivated to quit smokers appeared to be more hypothetically susceptible to shocking pictorial warnings. Motivation to quit was associated with sensitivity to warnings, but not with the presence of all chronic respiratory symptoms.

show abstract

“…About 30% of non-smokers in 28 European nations reported that health warnings were effective in preventing them from smoking 65. A Canadian study of PWLs66 found that about 30% of young adults said that they were less likely to start smoking. Similar results have been found in experimental studies 40.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public health benefits from pictorial health warnings on US cigarette packs: a SimSmoke simulation

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction While many countries have adopted prominent pictorial warning labels (PWLs) for cigarette packs, the USA still requires only small, text-only labels located on one side of the cigarette pack that have little effect on smoking-related outcomes. Tobacco industry litigation blocked implementation of a 2011 Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) rule requiring large PWLs. To inform FDA action on PWLs, this study provides research-based estimates of their public health impacts. Methods Literature was reviewed to identify the impact of cigarette PWLs on smoking prevalence, cessation and initiation. Based on this analysis, the SimSmoke model was used to estimate the effect of requiring PWLs in the USA on smoking prevalence and, using standard attribution methods, on smoking-attributable deaths (SADs) and key maternal and child health outcomes. Results Available research consistently shows a direct association between PWLs and increased cessation and reduced smoking initiation and prevalence. The SimSmoke model projects that PWLs would reduce smoking prevalence by 5% (2.5%–9%) relative to the status quo over the short term and by 10% (4%–19%) over the long term. Over the next 50 years, PWLs are projected to avert 652 800 (327 000–1 190 500) SADs, 46 600 (17 500–92 300) low-birth-weight cases, 73 600 (27 800–145 100) preterm births and 1000 (400–2000) cases of sudden infant death syndrome. Conclusions Requiring PWLs on all US cigarette packs would be appropriate for the protection of the public health, because it would substantially reduce smoking prevalence and thereby reduce SADs and the morbidity and medical costs associated with adverse smoking-attributable birth outcomes.

show abstract

The Potential Effectiveness of Warning Labels on Cigarette Packages

Cited by 38 publications

References 17 publications

Population tobacco control interventions and their effects on social inequalities in smoking: systematic review

Population tobacco control interventions and their effects on social inequalities in smoking: systematic review

Motivation to quit smoking and acceptability of shocking warnings on cigarette packages in Lebanon

Public health benefits from pictorial health warnings on US cigarette packs: a SimSmoke simulation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About