The Potential for Battery Energy Storage to Provide Peaking Capacity in the United States

Denholm, Paul; Nunemaker, Jacob; Cole, Wesley; Gagnon, Pieter

doi:10.2172/1530173

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…For heat storage the capital cost of heat-to-electricity systems depends upon whether one has a stand-alone turbinegenerator for peak power or at lower costs an incrementally larger turbine generator used for baseload and peak electricity. Technologies such as battery storage (Denholm et al, 2019) are only viable for short storage periods-typically four hours. The power conversion equipment with batteries doubles their costs.…”

Section: System Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Storage Coupled to Generation IV Reactors for Variable Electricity from Base-load Reactors: Workshop Proceedings. Changing markets, technology, nuclear-renewables integration and synergisms with solar thermal power systems

Forsberg

Sabharwall

Gougar

2019

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Electricity markets are changing because of (1) the addition of wind and solar that creates volatile electricity prices including times of zero-priced electricity and (2) the goal of a low-carbon world that requires replacing fossil fuels that provide (a) energy, (b) stored energy, and (c) dispatchable energy. Wind and solar provide energy but not the other two other energy functions that are provided fossil fuels. Nuclear energy with heat storage can provide all three functions and thus replace fossil fuels.To address the challenges and opportunities for nuclear energy in this changing market the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Idaho National Laboratory (INL), and Exelon conducted a workshop on July 23-24, 2019 in Idaho Falls on Heat Storage Coupled to Generation IV Reactors for Variable Electricity from Base-load Reactors: Changing Markets, Technology, Nuclear-Renewables Integration and Synergisms with Solar Thermal Power Systems. The results from this workshop are described herein. The workshop included participation of the concentrated solar power (CSP) community because nuclear energy and CSP produce heat and thus face many of the same technological and institutional challenges. Some CSP plants today have several gigawatt-hours of heat storage to better match market needs.The changing market requires a different nuclear plant design that incorporates heat storage. The base-load reactor sends variable heat to (1) the turbines to provide variable electricity to the grid and (2) storage. At times of high electricity prices, all the heat from the reactor and heat from storage is used to produce peak electricity output significantly greater than the base-load capacity of the reactor. At times of low or negative electricity prices, (1) minimum steam is sent to the turbine and (2) there is the option that electricity from the turbine operating at minimum output and electricity from the grid is converted into heat that is sent to storage. The nuclear plant has the capability to buy and sell electricity to increase revenue in these markets relative to a baseload nuclear power plant. Heat storage (salt, rock, concrete, etc.) is much less expensive than electricity storage (batteries, etc.) because of the low cost of the materials used in heat storage systems relative to materials used in electricity storage systems.Generation IV reactors deliver heat at higher temperatures to the power cycles compared to water-cooled reactors. This lowers the cost of heat storage by two mechanisms. First, if the hot-to-cold temperature swing in a sensible heat storage system is doubled, the cost of heat storage is reduced by a factor of two assuming all other factors are equal. Second, the higher heat-to-electricity efficiency reduces the storage requirements per unit of electricity storage. This may become the primary economic incentive to develop Generation IV reactor technology.Twelve heat storage technologies applicable at the gigawatt-hour storage scale were discussed that can be deployed between the reactor and the ...

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Section: System Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Storage Coupled to Generation IV Reactors for Variable Electricity from Base-load Reactors: Workshop Proceedings. Changing markets, technology, nuclear-renewables integration and synergisms with solar thermal power systems

Forsberg

Sabharwall

Gougar

2019

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“…While it may be natural to interpret that more energy storage "enables" higher levels of cost-effective solar PV, the opposite is also true-more solar PV can create more opportunities for energy arbitrage and shifts the timing of peak demand to enable a higher capacity credit for shorter-duration storage devices. This trend is well documented in the U.S. context (Denholm et al 2019;A. W. Frazier et al 2020;Denholm and Mai 2017;Denholm and Margolis 2018).…”

Section: How Much Energy Storage Is Cost-effective In the Long Term?mentioning

confidence: 57%

Energy Storage in South Asia: Understanding the Role of Grid-Connected Energy Storage in South Asia’s Power Sector Transformation

Chernyakhovskiy¹,

Joshi²,

Palchak³

et al. 2021

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“…Buildings, light industry, and mobility shifts from fossil fuel to electric power will require almost a doubling of electricity generation, which must also be net-zero carbon unless significant reductions in demand occur with this. This presents a significant challenge, yet some of this increase can be met by solar and wind becoming the cheapest forms of power, as well as battery storage becoming highly efficient and cost-effective (90,91).…”

Section: Pathway 4: Decarbonize Electricitymentioning

confidence: 99%

From Low- to Net-Zero Carbon Cities: The Next Global Agenda

Seto

Churkinа

Hsu³

et al. 2021

Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour.

136

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This article provides a systematic review of the literature on net-zero carbon cities, their objectives and key features, current efforts, and performance. We discuss how net-zero differs from low-carbon cities, how different visions of a net-zero carbon city relate to urban greenhouse gas accounting, deep decarbonization pathways and their application to cities and urban infrastructure systems, net-zero carbon cities in theory versus practice, lessons learned from net-zero carbon city plans and implementation, and opportunities and challenges in transitioning toward net-zero carbon citie across both sectors and various spatial fabrics within cities. We conclude that it is possible fors cities to get to or near net-zero carbon, but this requires systemic transformation. Crucially, a city cannot achieve net-zero by focusing only on reducing emissions within its administrative boundaries, particularly in how it can enable sequestering of carbon from the atmosphere. Because of carbon lock-in, and the complex interplay between urban infrastructure and behavior, strategic sequencing of mitigation action is essential for cities to achieve net-zero. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Volume 46 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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The Potential for Battery Energy Storage to Provide Peaking Capacity in the United States

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Heat Storage Coupled to Generation IV Reactors for Variable Electricity from Base-load Reactors: Workshop Proceedings. Changing markets, technology, nuclear-renewables integration and synergisms with solar thermal power systems

Heat Storage Coupled to Generation IV Reactors for Variable Electricity from Base-load Reactors: Workshop Proceedings. Changing markets, technology, nuclear-renewables integration and synergisms with solar thermal power systems

Energy Storage in South Asia: Understanding the Role of Grid-Connected Energy Storage in South Asia’s Power Sector Transformation

From Low- to Net-Zero Carbon Cities: The Next Global Agenda

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