The potential function of endometrial‐secreted factors for endometrium remodeling during the estrous cycle

Abstract

The uterine endometrium is an intricate tissue, which is comprised of luminal epithelial cells, superficial glandular epithelial cells, deep glandular epithelial cells, and fibroblast-like stromal cells (Forde & Lonergan, 2012). Uterine endometrial glands of all mammalian species synthesize and secrete a complex substance into the uterine lumen that has a function in the onset of pregnancy, the growth of the placenta, and conceptus development, termed histotroph (Gray et al., 2001). This uterine glandular secretion, histotroph, performs a vital role in providing a source of nutrient for the embryo and involving in fetoplacental development during the embryo implantation (Burton, Watson, Hempstock, Skepper, & Jauniaux, 2002). In the global proteomic characterization study, the histotroph compounds are proteins, carbohydrates, sugars, lipids, and ions (Kayser, Kim, Cerny, & Vallet, 2006; Beltman et al., 2014). Thus far, uterine luminal fluids are well known as prominent substrates, and nutrients that are required to support the establishment of pregnancy confirmed in the previous study of ovine uterine gland knockout model (Gray et al., 2000; Forde & Lonergan, 2012). In formerly research of porcine uterine fluids, we discovered that the endometrial-secreted factors contained essential proteins associated with the color, thickness,

Building a stem cell-based primate uterus

“…Apes, Old World monkeys, and some New World monkeys undergo a menstrual cycle characterised by external bleeding due to shedding of the outermost layer (menses) 24 . Most other mammalian species experience an oestrous cycle, in which the uterus undergoes remodelling throughout the cycle without shedding 25 . During human menstruation, only the endometrial functionalis layer facing the uterine cavity is shed while the basalis layer situated towards the myometrium remains unaffected by hormonal changes (Fig.…”

Steroid Receptor Coregulators Can Modulate the Action of Progesterone Receptor during the Estrous Cycle in Cow Endometrium

“…High levels of estradiol receptor protein were found during and several days after the estrous cycle, and also at the end of the cycle [33]. A pre-ovulatory increase in E2 levels stimulates the proliferation of endometrial cells in the process of endometrial remodeling [35]. Therefore, coregulators may support the activity of both P4 and E2 receptors in the endometrium of cows during the estrous cycle.…”

A multi-tissue transcriptomic landscape of female mice in estrus and diestrus provides clues for precision medicine

“…During the estrus-diestrus transition, the corpus luteum is newly formed in ovary and begins to secret abundant progesterone. Meanwhile under the action of progesterone, endometrium is remodeled to get ready for pregnancy (Billhaq et al, 2020). Thus, both ovary and uterus have more fertile characteristics in diestrus than estrus, indirectly supporting the positive correlation between estrus and infertility.…”