The potential of antioxidant-rich Maoberry (Antidesma bunius) extract on fat metabolism in liver tissues of rats fed a high-fat diet

Abstract

BackgoundObesity and dyslipidemia are major risk factors associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD refers to the accumulation of fat in more than 5% of the liver without alcohol consumption. NAFLD is the most common liver disease and is rapidly becoming a global public health problem. Maoberry (Antidesma bunius) is a fruit rich in antioxidants, especially phenolic compounds, which are reported to have benefits for patients with NAFLD.MethodsWe evaluated the effect of Maoberry extract on fat metabolism in liver tissues of high fat diet–induced rats. Five (5) groups (n = 12) of male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into those given a high fat diet with no treatment (HF), different dosages of Maoberry extracts (0.38 [ML], 0.76 [MM) and 1.52 [MH] g/kg body weight) and 10 mg/kg statin (STAT). The rats were fed a high fat diet for 4 weeks to induce obesity and subsequently continued more for 12 weeks with treatments of Maoberry extracts or STAT. The levels of triglyceride, liver enzymes, oxidative stress and inflammation markers, triglyceride synthesis regulators, and pathology of the liver in high fat diet-induced rats were investigated.ResultsFeeding Maoberry extract in MH groups resulted in decreasing levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), liver triglyceride, liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and mRNA expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT)-1 and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) compared with the HF group (P < 0.05). Moreover, histopathological study of the liver showed reduced fat droplets in the Maoberry extract treatment groups, especially in MH groups and STAT treatment groups.ConclusionsThe improvements of fat metabolism in liver tissues of rats fed a high-fat diet were observed in Maoberry extracts treatment groups. The underline mechanism that link to fat metabolism might be through the process accompanied with down-regulated the gene expression of key enzymes of lipid production, antioxidant activity, and anti-inflammation properties of Maoberry extracts which contains high levels of phenolic and flavonoid compounds.

Degradation kinetics of anthocyanin, flavonoid, and total phenol in bignay (Antidesma bunius) fruit juice during ohmic heating

“…Exotic fruits from tropical countries such as bignay (Antidesma bunius), Indian black plum or jamun (Syzygium cumini L), red mulberry (Morus rubra L.), and black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) have gained interests from researchers for their potential as sources of bioactive compounds and natural antioxidants. Studies on bignay fruits (Butkhup & Samappito, 2008;Hardinasinta et al, 2020;Jorjong et al, 2015;Lim, 2012;Ngamlerst et al, 2019), black plum (Aqil et al, 2012;Banerjee et al, 2005;Singh et al, 2018), and mulberry (Isabelle et al, 2008;Kim et al, 2010;Zhang et al, 2008) indicate that these fruits are rich in phenolic compounds such as flavonoids and athocyanins which have the potential to provide health benefits as reported by numerous authors (Aiyer et al, 2008;Basli et al, 2017;Chowtivannakul et al, 2016;Mazza, 2007;Ngamlerst et al, 2019;Stoner et al, 2007;Timmers et al, 2015;Wang & Stoner, 2008). Bignay fruit is an exotic fruit which is mostly found in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand and Indonesia.…”

Potential benefits of L. acidophilus in dyslipidemic rats

“…The consumption of energy-dense foods that contain high proportions of fats and sugars is the principal cause of overweight and obesity 4 . This can be modeled in rats by feeding them a high-fat diet (e.g., 22.59 kJ/g from fat), which induces dyslipidemia and defects in hepatic fat metabolism 5 , 6 .…”

Inhibitory Effect of Antidesma bunius Fruit Extract on Carbohydrate Digestive Enzymes Activity and Protein Glycation In Vitro

“…It also exhibited antihypertensive activity by scavenging superoxide radicals, inhibiting the formation of lipid and protein oxidation, and increasing expression of eNOS in N ω -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester-induced hypertensive rats [ 25 ]. In high fat diet-induced rats, the extract of Antidesma bunius fruit suppressed the gene expression of lipogenic enzymes and reduced the level of triglyceride and inflammation [ 26 , 27 ]. Although the extract of Antidesma bunius fruit shows various biological properties, its inhibitory effect against carbohydrate digestive enzymes and protein glycation remains unknown.…”