The potential of energy recovery from municipal solid waste in Kampala City, Uganda by incineration

Amulen, Judith; Kasedde, Hillary; Serugunda, Jonathan; Lwanyaga, Joseph Ddumba

doi:10.1016/j.ecmx.2022.100204

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…However, the country should also look at biomass gasification or even cogasification with MSW. Gasification of MSW offers more potential than energy recovery from MSW incineration [ 225 ]. Cogasification is vitally important because it is the technology that will solve both energy and environmental problem.…”

Section: Discussion and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review on the Development and Utilization of Energy Systems in Uganda

Bongomin

Nziu

2022

The Scientific World Journal

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We live in a world that is completely dependent on energy; thus, humankind can no longer live without power. With electricity being the main form of energy today, this has increased the complexity of our life today. In Uganda, electricity generation is mainly through hydropower, which puts the country in the bottleneck of overdependence on one source of energy. There are many energy systems out there that the country can use to diversify its electricity generation. Therefore, the need to understand the level of development and utilization of various energy systems has been the underlying question for this present study. A comprehensive literature survey was conducted using electronic databases, including ScienceDirect, Wiley, Sage, Scopus, Taylor & Francis, and Google Scholar. The publications in the form of reports, conference papers, working papers, discussion papers, journal articles, book sections, and textbooks were considered in this study. In total, 11 energy systems, including human and animal energy, solid biomass (firewood), hydropower, wind, geothermal, solar, nuclear, peat, coal, petroleum, and nonsolid biomass (methanol, hydrogen, ethanol, biodiesel, and biogas), are described. The current and future development and utilization of these energy systems have been described. The challenges for developing and utilizing these systems were elaborated on, and the solutions for their challenges were presented. Hydropower from the Nile River, being the main river for large hydropower plant construction, is the dominant energy system in Uganda. Nuclear energy will be the salvation for the country’s electric energy supply in the near future. Therefore, Uganda needs to bet big on nuclear energy.

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Section: Discussion and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review on the Development and Utilization of Energy Systems in Uganda

Bongomin

Nziu

2022

The Scientific World Journal

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“…Industri pengolahan kelapa sawit menghasilkan by-product cangkang kelapa sawit. Selama ini pemanfaatan cangkang kepala sawit masih terbatas sebagai bahan bakar boiler, asap cair, briket dan tepung tempurung (Amulen et al, 2022). Berdasarkan hal tersebut, artikel ini membahas hasil penelitian pengurangan kadar ammonia (NH3) dari limbah cair industri tahu dengan memanfaatkan arang aktif dari limbah padat indutri kelapa sawit yaitu cangkang/tempung kelapa sawit (Elais Guineensis).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Studi Efektivitas Pemanfaatan Arang Aktif Cangkang Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis) Sebagai Adsorben Pengurangan Kadar Amonia Limbah Cair Tahu

Desfitri,

Arifanda,

Yulianti

et al. 2024

Eksergi

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Limbah cair tahu mengandung gas-gas yang terdekomposisi bahan-bahan organik yang terdapat di dalam air buangan seperti gas nitrogen (N2), oksigen (O2), hidrogen sulfida (H2S), ammonia (NH3), karbondioksida (CO2) dan metana (CH4). Penelitian sebelumnya menemukan bahwa kandungan ammonia pada limbah cair tahu berkisar antara 21,4 mg/L hingga 33,5 mg/L. Angka ini sangatlah tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan standar yang sudah ditetapkan oleh pemerintah yaitu sebesar 8 mg/L. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan yang disebabkan oleh ammonia yang berasal dari limbah cair tahu dan mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan limbah cangkang kelapa sawit. Pengurangan kadar ammonia ini dilakukan dengan metode adsorbsi, sedangkan metode analisis kadar ammonia menggunakan spektrofotometri. Arang aktif cangkang kelapa sawit diaktivasi menggunakan larutan H2SO4. Variasi waktu kontak yang digunakan adalah 30, 60, 90 dan 120 menit, sedangkan variasi massa adsorben adalah 2, 4, 6 dan 8gram. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kondisi optimal untuk proses adsorpsi ammonia adalah 30 menit waktu kontak dengan 4gram jumlah arang aktif. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa arang aktif memenuhi standar kualitas dan cocok untuk mengurangi kadar ammonia dalam limbah cair tahu. Hasil penelitian ini dapat diaplikasikan untuk pemanfaatan limbah cangkang kelapa sawit untuk penurunan konsentrasi ammonia pada limbah cair tahu. Kata Kunci: limbah tahu; cangkang kelapa sawit; adsorbsi; ammonia ABSTRACT: Tofu liquid waste contains gases that are decomposed organic materials found in air waste such as nitrogen gas (N2), oxygen (O2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ammonia (NH3), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4). In previous research, the ammonia concentration in tofu liquid waste was found very high, ranging from 21.4 mg/L to 33.5 mg/L. This figure is very high when compared to the standard set by the government, namely 8 mg/L. This research aims to reduce environmental pollution caused by ammonia originating from liquid tofu waste and optimize the utilization of palm oil shell waste. Reducing ammonia levels is carried out using the adsorption method. In this research, activated charcoal was activated using an H2SO4 solution. The research results showed that activated charcoal was effective in reducing ammonia levels in tofu liquid waste. The optimal conditions for the ammonia adsorption process are 30 minutes of contact time with 4 grams of activated charcoal. The characterization results show that activated charcoal meets quality standards and is suitable for reducing ammonia levels in tofu liquid waste. The results of this research can be applied to reduce the ammonia concentration in tofu liquid waste and utilization of palm shells.

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“…For WtE projects, the introduction of gate fees could also prove useful in making the price of electricity cheaper [143]. The collection of gate fees for the waste delivered to the plant as an additional source of revenue for investors could in turn make the WtE project more profitable [144].…”

Section: Life Cycle Costing For Waste To Energy Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment of Waste to Energy Systems in the Developing World: A Review

Nubi,

Murphy,

Morse

2024

Environments

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The global move towards a circular economy, as well as that of achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), has necessitated the search for several sustainable solutions in various sectors. Given this, the provision of sustainable waste management and electricity systems constitute a significant part of the SDGs, and the waste-to-energy (WtE) concept has recently become a key topic given that it can potentially help reduce the dependence on fossil fuels for energy generation, as well as minimizing the need to dispose of waste in landfill. However, to date, the sustainability assessments of WtE generation technologies have been limited in scope concerning the three-dimensional sustainability framework (economic, environmental, and social). Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) has been proposed as a potential approach that could comprehensively address these three pillars of sustainability simultaneously based on life cycle thinking. LCSA, as a holistic method, could also potentially deal with the complexity associated with decision-making by allowing for the consideration of a full range of possible sustainability consequences. LCSA is an analytical tool that integrates the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Life Cycle Costing (LCC), and Social Life Cycle Assessment (sLCA) methodologies, which already exist and continue to be developed. Individually, these life-cycle approaches tend to be used to point out particular ‘hotspots’ in product or service systems, and hence focus on direct impacts in a given sustainability domain, neglecting the indirect ones. LCSA aims for a more holistic sustainability perspective and seeks to address the associated challenge of integrating these three pillars of sustainability into an overall and more comprehensive sustainability assessment. This need for harmonization within the LCSA methodology is a major challenge in its operationalization. In recent years there has been steady progress towards developing and applying LCSA, including for WtE. The aim of this paper is to review the most recent trends and perspectives in developing countries, especially regarding how LCSA could help inform decision-making. The paper also analyses the LCSA literature to set out the theoretical and practical challenges behind integrating the three methods (LCA, LCC, and sLCA). The review was conducted via a search of keywords such as LCSA, waste, and energy in the Web of Science databases, resulting in the selection of 187 publications written in English. Of those, 13 articles operationalized LCSA in specific waste and WtE related case studies. The review provides a review of the application of LCSA for researchers, technological experts, and policymakers through published findings and identifies perspectives on new research. These include uncertainty, subjectivity in weighting, double-counting, the low maturity of sLCA, and the integration of the interconnection between the three dimensions (environmental, economic, and social dimensions) of LCSA results in decision-making. In addition, gaps (such as the integration of the interconnection between the three dimensions) that need to be addressed via further research are highlighted to allow for a better understanding of methodological trade-offs that come from using the LCSA analytical approach to assess the sustainability of WtE generation technologies, especially in developing countries. It is hoped that this study will be a positive contribution to environmental and energy policy decisions in developing countries faced with the dual problems of waste management and electricity supply along with their sustainable development goals.

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The potential of energy recovery from municipal solid waste in Kampala City, Uganda by incineration

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

A Critical Review on the Development and Utilization of Energy Systems in Uganda

A Critical Review on the Development and Utilization of Energy Systems in Uganda

Studi Efektivitas Pemanfaatan Arang Aktif Cangkang Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis) Sebagai Adsorben Pengurangan Kadar Amonia Limbah Cair Tahu

Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment of Waste to Energy Systems in the Developing World: A Review

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