The Potential of Exosomes in Allergy Immunotherapy

Engeroff, Paul; Vogel, Monique

doi:10.3390/vaccines10010133

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 128 publications

(145 reference statements)

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“…Besides cancer cell derived exosomes, also vesicles released by normal healthy cells can have stimulatory or tolerogenic properties. For instance, exosomes derived from tolerogenic DCs suppress immune reactions via the induction of Treg cells, while mature DC-derived exosomes are able to stimulate immunity (Engeroff and Vogel 2022 ). Lee et al ( 2021 ) used tolerogenic DC-derived exosomes to shut down inflammation in a rheumatoid arthritis model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Extracellular Vesicles Loaded with Immunosuppressive miRNAs Leads to an Inhibition of Dendritic Cell Maturation

Czernek

Pęczek

Duechler

2022

Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp.

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In particular conditions, inhibition of an immune response is required to prevent tissue damage. Among these conditions are diseases caused by an over-reactive immune response, such as autoimmune or allergic disorders, or imminent organ rejection after transplantation. To avoid tissue damage, drug-mediated systemic immune suppression is an option, but it comes with high costs in the form of susceptibility to viral and bacterial infections. Thus, the induction of antigen-specific tolerance is preferable. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are capable of delivering antigen together with immunosuppressive signals and may be used to specifically induce antigen-specific tolerance. However, naturally occurring EVs are heterogeneous and not all of them show immunosuppressive character. In our trials to engineer cell culture derived EVs to increase their tolerogenic potential, we equipped them with immunosuppressive miRNA mimics. Small EVs (sEVs) were isolated and purified from the human monocytic THP-1 cell line or from healthy donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and electroporated with miR-494 and miR-146a mimics. The acquired immunosuppressive potential of the modified sEVs was demonstrated by their ability to alter the major histocompatibility complex molecules and co-stimulatory receptors present on dendritic cells (DCs). To avoid allogeneic responses, the same cells that produced the sEVs served also as recipient cells. In contrast to the treatment with unmodified sEVs, the tolerogenic sEVs impeded lipopolysaccharide-induced maturation and kept DCs in a more immature developmental stage. Our experiments show that simple manipulations of sEVs using immunosuppressive cargo can lead to the inhibition of DC maturation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Extracellular Vesicles Loaded with Immunosuppressive miRNAs Leads to an Inhibition of Dendritic Cell Maturation

Czernek

Pęczek

Duechler

2022

Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp.

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“…By binding free IgE via FcεRI, sEVs suppressed airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness, thus demonstrating the potential of MC-derived EVs as anti-IgE agents. In addition to MSCand MC-derived EVs, there are several other potential therapeutic approaches based on EVs derived from both human and bacteria for the treatment of allergic diseases, which are discussed in more detail in [46,47]. Consequently, more and more strategies are currently being developed to manipulate EVs, for example, by genetic engineering or chemical modifications, in order to generate "next-generation" vehicles for targeted drug delivery [48][49][50].…”

Section: Utilization Of Evs For Monitoring and Treatment Of Allergic ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular vesicles: Messengers of allergic immune responses and novel therapeutic strategy

Möbs,

Jung

2024

Eur J Immunol

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized particles released by nearly every cell type across all kingdoms of life. As a result, EVs are ubiquitously present in various human body fluids. Composed of a lipid bilayer, EVs encapsulate proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites, thus playing a crucial role in immunity, for example, by enabling intercellular communication. More recently, there has been increasing evidence that EVs can also act as key regulators of allergic immune responses. Their ability to facilitate cell‐to‐cell contact and to transport a variety of different biomolecules enables active modulation of both innate and adaptive immune processes associated with allergic reactions. A comprehensive understanding of the intricate mechanisms underlying the interactions among allergens, immune cells, and EVs is imperative to develop innovative strategies for controlling allergic responses. This review highlights the recent roles of host cell‐ and bacteria‐derived EVs in allergic diseases, presenting experimental and clinical evidence that underscores their significance. Additionally, the therapeutic potential of EVs in allergy management is outlined, along with the challenges associated with targeted delivery and cargo stability for clinical use. Optimization of EV composition and targeting strategies holds promise for advancing translational applications and establishing EVs as biomarkers or safe therapeutics for assessing allergic reactions. For these reasons, EVs represent a promising avenue for advancing both our understanding and management of allergic immune processes.

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“…Exosomes play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma and intercellular signaling by transporting various cargoes to target cells. They can increase inflammation by regulating the immune cells' function (increasing recruitment, activation, or differentiation) [102].…”

Section: Iexs Role In the Pathogenesis Of Asthma And Allergic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune cells-derived exosomes function as a double-edged sword: role in disease progression and their therapeutic applications

et al. 2022

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Exosomes, ranging in size from 30 to 150 nm as identified initially via electron microscopy in 1946, are one of the extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by many cells and have been the subject of many studies; initially, they were considered as cell wastes with the belief that cells produced exosomes to maintain homeostasis. Nowadays, it has been found that EVs secreted by different cells play a vital role in cellular communication and are usually secreted in both physiological and pathological conditions. Due to the presence of different markers and ligands on the surface of exosomes, they have paracrine, endocrine and autocrine effects in some cases. Immune cells, like other cells, can secrete exosomes that interact with surrounding cells via these vesicles. Immune system cells-derived exosomes (IEXs) induce different responses, such as increasing and decreasing the transcription of various genes and regulating cytokine production. This review deliberate the function of innate and acquired immune cells derived exosomes, their role in the pathogenesis of immune diseases, and their therapeutic appliances.

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The Potential of Exosomes in Allergy Immunotherapy

Cited by 14 publications

References 128 publications

Small Extracellular Vesicles Loaded with Immunosuppressive miRNAs Leads to an Inhibition of Dendritic Cell Maturation

Small Extracellular Vesicles Loaded with Immunosuppressive miRNAs Leads to an Inhibition of Dendritic Cell Maturation

Extracellular vesicles: Messengers of allergic immune responses and novel therapeutic strategy

Immune cells-derived exosomes function as a double-edged sword: role in disease progression and their therapeutic applications

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