The potential of four-dimensional (4D) ultrasonography in the assessment of fetal awareness

Kurjak, Asım; Stanojević, Milan; Azumendi, Guillermo; Carrera, J. M.

doi:10.1515/jpm.2005.008

Cited by 92 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…[33][34][35]37,[39][40][41] All studies focused on the assessment of fetal facial expressions and movements, and fetal hand to face movements (Figs 6A to 8), because the viewing area was limited to that of the transabdominal probe. Kurjak et al 37 were the first to use 4D sonography to study 10 healthy fetuses for 15 minutes at 30 to 33 weeks.…”

Section: Late Second and Third Trimestersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18,19,33 Moreover, different facial expressions and movements depicted by 4D sonography might represent fetal awareness. 40 'The question raised here is whether or not facial expressions represent a reliable behavior or emotional state or constitute reflexive behavior on the part of the fetus'. 33 The answer to this question is currently unknown.…”

Section: Late Second and Third Trimestersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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4D Sonography in Assessment of Fetal Neurobehavior

Hata¹,

Sato²,

Kanenishi³

et al. 2012

Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

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ABSTRACT'Observation of fetal behavior reflects the functioning of the central nervous system, and behavioral assessment of the fetus enables the function of the brain to be examined'.1 The introduction of four-dimensional (4D) sonography techniques would facilitate fetal behavioral assessment in three dimensions in real time during pregnancy. We describe the latest 4D sonographic studies on fetal neurobehavior in all three trimesters of pregnancy. 4D sonography also facilitated the evaluation of interhuman contact and intrapair stimulation in twin pregnancies in utero. This novel technique may assist in the evaluation of fetal neurobehavior and intertwin contact and intrapair stimulation and offer potential advantages relative to conventional two-dimensional sonography. 4D sonography may become an important modality in future research on fetal neurobehavioral development and the prenatal identification of severely brain-damaged infants.

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Section: Late Second and Third Trimestersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Late Second and Third Trimestersmentioning

confidence: 99%

4D Sonography in Assessment of Fetal Neurobehavior

Hata¹,

Sato²,

Kanenishi³

et al. 2012

Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…49,50,52,[54][55][56][57][58][59] All studies focused on the assessment of fetal facial movements or expressions and fetal behavioral movements (mainly hand movements) (Figs 11 to 22), because the viewing area was limited to that of the transabdominal probe. "Clearly, the ability to image facial as well as hand movements and their cooccurrence is an advantage that may be related to the 4D technology.…”

Section: Late Second and Third Trimestersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…31 Secondly, only the quantity, and not the quality, of fetal movements can be studied in fetuses, because criteria for quality have not yet been determined. 58 However, KANET includes some qualitative parameters for the assessment of fetal movements. 62 It should also be borne in mind that the fetal movements studied in most investigations might represent subjective impressions of the examiner.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four-dimensional Ultrasound Evaluation of Fetal Neurobehavioral Development

Hata¹,

Kanenishi²,

Tanaka³

et al. 2010

Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

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The introduction of four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound techniques would facilitate fetal behavioral assessment in three-dimensions in realtime during pregnancy. We describe the latest 4D sonographic studies on fetal behavior, especially fetal whole-body movements and facial expressions in all three trimesters of pregnancy and the continuation of behavior from the fetal to neonatal period. Moreover, we introduce a new scoring system (KANET, Kurjak Antenatal Neurological Test) for assessment of the fetal neurological status using 4D ultrasound. 4D ultrasound also facilitated the evaluation of inter-human contact in twin pregnancies in utero. This novel technique may assist in the evaluation of fetal behavior and inter-twin contact, and offer potential advantages relative to conventional two-dimensional ultrasound. 4D ultrasound should become an important modality in future research on fetal neurobehavioral development and the prenatal identification of severely brain-damaged infants. Further studies involving a larger sample size are needed to ascertain the role of 4D ultrasound in the evaluation of fetal neurobehavioral development.

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“…Its advance has been completed in the last year giving visualizations in almost real-time. [19][20][21][22] The availability of new diagnostic data has in an extraordinary way raised our knowledge about intrauterine life, substantially modifying some earlier interpretations. 23 First spontaneous fetal movements can be observed with conventional two-dimensional ultrasound (2D US) around 8th gestational week, while the newly developed 4D US allows the visualization of fetal motility one week earlier (Table 2).…”

Section: The Origin Of Fetal Behavior and Fetal Motor Development Assmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal Neurology—Lesson Learned and Future Challenges

Mišković¹,

Azumendi²,

Kurjak³

et al. 2007

Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Neurological failure is the most apprehension complication of pregnancy, labor and the neonatal period. The origin and outcome correlation is frequently doubtful. The arrival of four-dimensional ultrasonography (4D US) and its function to study fetal behavior patterns have initiated to offer insight into the structural and functional fetal brain development. Although many fetal behavioral studies have been conducted, it is still questionable whether the assessment of continuity from fetal to neonatal behavior could improve our ability of early detection of brain pathology. Neurological assessment of fetus in utero is extremely difficult even having such sophisticated equipment like 4D ultrasound. As it is well known that quantity of GMs is not so informative and predictive for neurological impairment, their quality should be assessed. Gestalt perception of premature GMs we are dealing with in utero and several weeks postnatally are not as predictive for the detection of neurologically abnormal fetuses or newborns as fidgety GMs. Therefore some additional parameters should be added to the prenatal neurological examination in order to improve our ability to make the distinction between normal and abnormal fetuses.

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The potential of four-dimensional (4D) ultrasonography in the assessment of fetal awareness

Cited by 92 publications

References 23 publications

4D Sonography in Assessment of Fetal Neurobehavior

4D Sonography in Assessment of Fetal Neurobehavior

Four-dimensional Ultrasound Evaluation of Fetal Neurobehavioral Development

Fetal Neurology—Lesson Learned and Future Challenges

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