The potential of human milk oligosaccharides to impact the microbiota-gut-brain axis through modulation of the gut microbiota

Al-Khafaji, Alia H.; Jepsen, Stine Dam; Christensen, Kristine Rothaus; Vigsnæs, Louise Kristine

doi:10.1016/j.jff.2020.104176

Cited by 44 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 157 publications

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“…Despite that, at present there are no studies specifically designed to describe the unique features of the MGBA in preterm infants [ 80 ]. In addition, nutrition during sensitive developmental time windows is thought to have a major impact on the microbiota-gut–brain crosstalk [ 81 , 82 ], either through an effect of single nutrients (e.g., milk fat globule membranes [ 83 ], human milk oligosaccharides [ 84 ], or through the well-known benefits of exclusive human milk feeding compared to other feeding sources [ 85 ].…”

Section: The Development Of Intestinal Motilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Newborns as a Challenge for an Appropriate Nutrition: A Narrative Review

et al. 2022

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The second and third trimesters of pregnancy are crucial for the anatomical and functional development of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. If premature birth occurs, the immaturity of the digestive and absorptive processes and of GI motility represent a critical challenge to meet adequate nutritional needs, leading to poor extrauterine growth and to other critical complications. Knowledge of the main developmental stages of the processes involved in the digestion and absorption of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, as well as of the maturational phases underlying the development of GI motility, may aid clinicians to optimize the nutritional management of preterm infants. The immaturity of these GI systems and functions may negatively influence the patterns of gut colonization, predisposing to an abnormal microbiome. This, in turn, further contributes to alter the functional, immune, and neural development of the GI tract and, especially in preterm infants, has been associated with an increased risk of severe GI complications, such as necrotizing enterocolitis. Deeper understanding of the physiological colonization patterns in term and preterm infants may support the promotion of these patterns and the avoidance of microbial perturbations associated with the development of several diseases throughout life. This review aims to provide a global overview on the maturational features of the main GI functions and on their implications following preterm birth. We will particularly focus on the developmental differences in intestinal digestion and absorption functionality, motility, gut–brain axis interaction, and microbiomes.

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Section: The Development Of Intestinal Motilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Newborns as a Challenge for an Appropriate Nutrition: A Narrative Review

et al. 2022

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“…This study suggests that 2 -FL and/or microbial metabolites thereof act via the vagus nerve to enhance cognitive function. As our scientific understanding of the gut-brain axis continues to expand, there will be new opportunities to examine the impact of HMOs and their role in promoting beneficial microbial activity that supports brain development in infancy [219].…”

Section: Cognitive Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional Benefits of Prevalent HMOs: Implications for Infant Health

2021

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Breastfeeding is the best source of nutrition during infancy and is associated with a broad range of health benefits. However, there remains a significant and persistent need for innovations in infant formula that will allow infants to access a wider spectrum of benefits available to breastfed infants. The addition of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) to infant formulas represents the most significant innovation in infant nutrition in recent years. Although not a direct source of calories in milk, HMOs serve as potent prebiotics, versatile anti-infective agents, and key support for neurocognitive development. Continuing improvements in food science will facilitate production of a wide range of HMO structures in the years to come. In this review, we evaluate the relationship between HMO structure and functional benefits. We propose that infant formula fortification strategies should aim to recapitulate a broad range of benefits to support digestive health, immunity, and cognitive development associated with HMOs in breastmilk. We conclude that acetylated, fucosylated, and sialylated HMOs likely confer important health benefits through multiple complementary mechanisms of action.

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“…It is now clear that intestinal microflora plays a key role in the health of the host, defending against pathogens, metabolizing nutrients and drugs in the diet, and affecting the absorption and distribution of fats in the diet [ 4 ]. However, the influence of microflora extends even beyond the gastrointestinal tract, as the overall balance of its composition, coupled with the key species that elicit specific responses, can impact the central nervous system and regulate brain function through the brain–gut axis [ 5 ]. Besides, the early life interference of the intestinal microflora in a developing body may also affect neurodevelopment [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neuroprotective Effect of Tea Polyphenols on the Regulation of Intestinal Flora

Zhang

et al. 2021

Molecules

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Tea polyphenols (TPs) are the general compounds of natural polyhydroxyphenols extracted in tea. Although a large number of studies have shown that TPs have obvious neuroprotective and neuro repair effects, they are limited due to the low bioavailability in vivo. However, TPs can act indirectly on the central nervous system by affecting the “microflora–gut–brain axis”, in which the microbiota and its composition represent a factor that determines brain health. Bidirectional communication between the intestinal microflora and the brain (microbe–gut–brain axis) occurs through a variety of pathways, including the vagus nerve, immune system, neuroendocrine pathways, and bacteria-derived metabolites. This axis has been shown to influence neurotransmission and behavior, which is usually associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. In this review, we discuss that TPs and their metabolites may provide benefits by restoring the imbalance of intestinal microbiota and that TPs are metabolized by intestinal flora, to provide a new idea for TPs to play a neuroprotective role by regulating intestinal flora.

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The potential of human milk oligosaccharides to impact the microbiota-gut-brain axis through modulation of the gut microbiota

Cited by 44 publications

References 157 publications

Development of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Newborns as a Challenge for an Appropriate Nutrition: A Narrative Review

Development of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Newborns as a Challenge for an Appropriate Nutrition: A Narrative Review

Multifunctional Benefits of Prevalent HMOs: Implications for Infant Health

The Neuroprotective Effect of Tea Polyphenols on the Regulation of Intestinal Flora

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