The potential of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectra of sheep feces to determine diet botanical composition

Anderson, D.M.; Nachman, Paul; Estell, Richard E.; Ruekgauer, T. E.; Havstad, Kris M.; Fredrickson, Ed L.; Murray, Leigh W.

doi:10.1016/0921-4488(95)00817-9

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This study differed from previous research (Anderson et al 1996) in 3 ways. First, chloroform (CHCl 3 ), an organic polar solvent having a dipole moment slightly less than that of water, containing fecal pellet filtrate was exposed to UV light from a xenon arc lamp instead of a laser.…”

Section: Methodscontrasting

confidence: 49%

“…All pellets were intact and immediately removed before filtration except for one, a 100% tobosa diet fecal pellet in which the pellet had been ground through a Wiley mill to pass a 40-mesh (0.5 mm) screen before being placed in the chloroform. We did not consider the physical condition of the fecal material to be of concern since Anderson et al (1996) demonstrated similar spectral signatures using feces from these same lambs when comparing ground and intact sheep fecal pellets. For this study, fecal pellets from only 13 of the original 16 lambs were available (King et al 1996, Anderson et al 1996.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We did not consider the physical condition of the fecal material to be of concern since Anderson et al (1996) demonstrated similar spectral signatures using feces from these same lambs when comparing ground and intact sheep fecal pellets. For this study, fecal pellets from only 13 of the original 16 lambs were available (King et al 1996, Anderson et al 1996. Lambs 1-3 received only the basal diet consisting of tobosa hay, lambs 4-6 received a diet consisting of 90% tobosa hay and 10% tarbush leaf, lambs 7-9 received a diet consisting of 80% tobosa hay and 20% tarbush leaf and lambs 10-13 received a diet consisting of 70% tobosa hay and 30% tarbush leaf.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The feces collected were taken in conjunction with a metabolism study previously reported by King et al (1996). Collection of the samples used in these fluorometry analyses and the sample preparation procedures has been previously described by Anderson et al (1996) who used laserinduced fluorescence (LIF) to establish differences among these same diets.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A major limitation to this technique as a management tool is the amount of time required for sample preparation and analysis thus preventing its usefulness in making real-time management decisions. Two recent automated techniques for determining botanical composition of animal diets having shorter analytical time requirements are near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS); (Garcia-Criado et al 1991, Walker et al 1998) and laser induced fluorescence (LIF); (Anderson et al 1996(Anderson et al , 1998. Although NIRS (Foley et al 1998) and fluorometry (Lakowitz 1983, Guilbault 1990, of which LIF is one type, both rely on molecular properties, they differ in several important ways (Table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statistical analyses of fluorometry data from chloroform filtrate of lamb feces

Mukherjee¹,

Anderson²,

Daniel³

2001

REM

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Accurately identifying the botanical composition of free-ranging animal diets remains a challenge. Currently accepted procedures are time consuming, many requiring painstaking sample preparation while none produce data useful for real-time management. Automated procedures focusing on detection of chemical and/or physical plant properties using specific molecules called fluorophores offers possibilities for determining the species composition of herbivore diets. This study was designed to evaluate fluorometry techniques in herbivore diet determinations using fecal samples obtained from 13 lambs fed a basal diet of tobosa hay (Pleuraphis mutica Buckley), and containing 4 different levels (0, 10, 20, and 30%) of tarbush (Flourensia cernua D C.) leaf material. Chloroform (CHCl 3 ) filtrate obtained from the lamb's feces was exposed to UV light from a xenon arc lamp. This caused fluorophore molecules in the filtrate to have their outer shell electrons move to a higher energy state as a result of UV light excitation. After excitation by UV light at 310, 320, 330, 340, 350, and 355 nm, the fluorophores returned to their ground state giving off light (fluorescence). This fluorescence intensity (counts) varied and when captured using appropriate electronics, produced 1,024 pairs of light intensities (counts) and fluorescent wavelengths between 175 and 818 nm in 0.63 nm increments. Previous research indicated differences among diets could be determined using distinct peaks in the red and blue regions of the visible light spectrum and a univariate (1 variable at a time) analysis. This research demonstrates the entire fluorescence data set can be used to determine differences among diets using multivariate statistics. Sequences of 5 increasingly complex statistical techniques were used to distinguish among diets: 2-dimensional plots, polynomial regression models, confidence interval plots, discriminant analysis, and 3-dimensional plots. Two-dimensional plots indicated 2 spectral fluorescence peaks, 1 in the blue-green (420-600 nm) and 1 in the red (640-720 nm) region of the visible Trade names used in this publication are solely for the purpose of providing specific information. Mention of a trade name does not constitute a guarantee, endorsement, or warranty of the product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, New Mexico State University or Sandia National Laboratories over other products not mentioned.The authors express sincere appreciation to Dr. Perry Gray, research scientist with the Pulsed Power and Laser Initatives Department Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, N.M. for generating the spectral signatures from the sheep feces.Manuscript accepted 7 Oct. 2000. ResumenEl identificar en forma certera la composición botánica de la dieta de animales en libre pastoreo sigue siendo un reto. Los procedimientos actualmente aceptados consumen mucho tiempo y muchos requieren una laboriosa preparación de la muestra, mientras que ninguno produce datos útiles en términos de manejo real de tiempo. Los procedimientos au...

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Section: Methodscontrasting

confidence: 49%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statistical analyses of fluorometry data from chloroform filtrate of lamb feces

Mukherjee¹,

Anderson²,

Daniel³

2001

REM

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Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectra of herbaceous and woody pre- and post-digested plant material

Anderson

Fredrickson

Nachman

et al. 1998

Animal Feed Science and Technology

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Steady-State and Time-Resolved Spectroscopy of F420 Extracted from Methanogen Cells and Its Utility as a Marker for Fecal Contamination

Ashby

Casey

Rasmussen

et al. 2001

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Methanogenic bacteria, which are common inhabitants of the animal digestive tract, contain the fluorescent compound F420 (coenzyme 420), a 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin chromophore. F420 was characterized as an initial step in determining if this compound would be useful as a fluorescent marker for the detection of fecal and ingesta contamination. Using a single anion exchange chromatographic process, F420 was separated from other cell components of a Methanobrevibacter sp. cell culture. The extent of separation was determined spectroscopically. To aid in the development of possible techniques for the detection of fecal contamination using F420 as a marker, further spectroscopic investigation of F420 was conducted using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence methods. The fluorescence lifetime of F420 in an elution buffer of pH 7.5 was found to be 4.2 ns. At higher pH values, the fluorescence decay, F(t), was best described by a sum of two exponentials: at pH 13, F(t) = 0.31 exp(−t/4.20 ns) + 0.69 exp(−t/1.79 ns). Further investigation using front-faced fluorescence techniques has shown that emission from F420 can be collected efficiently from samples of methanogen cell cultures as well as from fecal material. KeywordsFluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescent marker, F420, methanogen, methanogenic bacteria, meat contamination Methanogenic bacteria, which are common inhabitants of the animal digestive tract, contain the fluorescent compound F420 (coenzyme 420), a 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin chromophore. F420 was characterized as an initial step in determining if this compound would be useful as a fluorescent marker for the detection of fecal and ingesta contamination. Using a single anion exchange chromatographic process, F420 was separated from other cell components of a Methanobrevibacter sp. cell culture. The extent of separation was determined spectroscopically. To aid in the development of possible techniques for the detection of fecal contamination using F420 as a marker, further spectroscopic investigation of F420 was conducted using steady-state and timeresolved fluorescence methods. The fluorescence lifetime of F420 in an elution buffer of pH 7.5 was found to be 4.2 ns. At higher pH values, the fluorescence decay, F(t), was best described by a sum of two exponentials: at pH 13, F(t) ) 0.31 exp(-t/4.20 ns) + 0.69 exp(-t/1.79 ns). Further investigation using front-faced fluorescence techniques has shown that emission from F420 can be collected efficiently from samples of methanogen cell cultures as well as from fecal material.

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The potential of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectra of sheep feces to determine diet botanical composition

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Statistical analyses of fluorometry data from chloroform filtrate of lamb feces

Statistical analyses of fluorometry data from chloroform filtrate of lamb feces

Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectra of herbaceous and woody pre- and post-digested plant material

Steady-State and Time-Resolved Spectroscopy of F420 Extracted from Methanogen Cells and Its Utility as a Marker for Fecal Contamination

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