The Potential of Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) Seed Oil as Biodiesel Feedstock: Effect of Seed Moisture Content and Particle Size on Oil Yield

Abstract

Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) is one of the most potential plants for biodiesel feedstock because of its high oil content. Mechanical extraction using screw press is one method to get oil from nyamplung seed. Result of the extraction is affected by the seed's condition, such as moisture content and particle size. The paper presents experimental results that estimate the vegetable oil production potential of C. inophyllum. The results show the effect of C. inophyllum seed moisture content and particle size on oil yield, andthe characteristics of C. inophyllum oil.The seed moisture contents used in this experiment are 0%, 1.2%, and 20%, whereas the average seed particle size used are 0.81, 2.90, and 8.60 mm. The C. inophyllum fruits were obtained from Cipatujah Sub-district, Tasikmalaya Regency. The methods used include fruit and seed preparation, seed moisture content and particle size conditioning, mechanical extraction, oil characteristics analysis, and C. inophyllum oil production potential calculation. The optimum seed moisture content to obtain high oil yield is 1.2% which yields 33.39%oil, while the optimum seed particle size to obtain high oil yield is 8.60 mm which yields 33.46% oil. The bigger the particle size will affect on higher oil yield. From this research, it can be concluded that the trees in Cipatujahhave potential to produce C. inophyllum oil up to 5.13 L/tree/year. C. inophyllum oil yield is effected by seed moisture content and particle size, and it has characteristics that support its utilization as biodiesel feedstock.

Direct Calophyllum oil extraction and resin separation with a binary solvent of n-hexane and methanol mixture

“…However, this surplus solvent could easily be recovered and reused. The oil yield obtained here was much higher than that obtained with a screw press [4], at 51% versus 33%. Thus, solvent-mediated oil extraction from Calophyllum seeds was much more efficient than oil extraction with a mechanical press, consistent with the findings of previous studies [5,6].…”

“…In addition, the solvent system can rupture the cell membranes, simultaneously dissolving the substances initially present within the intact cells [21]. It was difficult to extract Calophyllum oil with a screw press [4][5][6][7], due to its high fluidity and viscosity. Furthermore, the efficiency of oil extraction depends heavily on the friction between the material and the surface of the inside of the barrel and the screw [31].…”

“…Calophyllum inophyllum is a versatile plant with multiple uses, including ship and furniture fabrication, as windbreaks, to reduce abrasion, to protect coastal demarcation, and as a source of plant oil and a second-generation biodiesel feedstock [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. This plant is widely available in South-East Asia, Australia and India [11].…”

Ekstraksi Minyak Dan Resin Nyamplung Dengan Campuran Pelarut Heksan-Etanol

“…Pengeringan dilakukan untuk menghambat aktivitas enzim yang dapat merusak bahan, serta aktivitas dan pertumbuhan mikroorganisme (Fadhlullah et al, 2015). Selain itu, kandungan air dalam bahan dapat mempengaruhi rendemen minyak yang dihasilkan (Jahirul et al, 2013;Fadhlullah et al, 2015).…”

“…Hasil ini tidak berbeda jauh dengan densitas minyak nyamplung yang diperoleh dari proses ekstraksi secara mekanik yang berkisar antara 0,91-0,93 g/cm 3 (Fadhlullah et al, 2015), densitas minyak nabati pada umumnya, yaitu ± 0,9 g/cm 3 , dan densitas minyak diesel (solar) (0,82-0,87 g/cm 3 ). Oleh karena itu minyak nyamplung potensial digunakan sebagai bahan bakar nabati, khususnya sebagai Pure Plant Oil (PPO) atau biofuel.…”