The potential therapeutic role of extracellular vesicles in osteoarthritis

Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a worldwide and disabling disease, which cause severe pain and heavy socioeconomic burden. However, pharmacologic or surgical therapies cannot mitigate OA progression. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy has emerged as potential approach for OA treatment, while the immunogenicity and ethical audit of cell therapy are unavoidable. Compared with stem cell strategy, EVs induce less immunological rejection, and they are more stable for storage and in vivo application. MSC-EVs-based therapy possesses great potential in regulating inflammation and promoting cartilage matrix reconstruction in OA treatment. To enhance the therapeutic effect, delivery efficiency, tissue specificity and safety, EVs can be engineered via different modification strategies. Here, the application of MSC-EVs in OA treatment and the potential underlying mechanism were summarized. Moreover, EV modification strategies including indirect MSC modification and direct EV modification were reviewed.

dCas9-Based PDGFR–β Activation ADSCs Accelerate Wound Healing in Diabetic Mice through Angiogenesis and ECM Remodeling

“…First, we primarily concentrated on the functional and phenotypic enhancement of engineered MSCs, while mechanistic research was lacking. Second, MSC–EV is gaining popularity as a novel cell derivative therapy and demonstrating therapeutic potential for a variety of diseases [ 47 , 48 , 49 ]. We demonstrated that PDGFR–β signaling could enhance the paracrine activity of ADSCs, but we did not investigate the changes in EV secretion.…”

Boosting cartilage repair with silk fibroin-DNA hydrogel-based cartilage organoid precursor

“…Current mainstream strategies for cartilage repair in clinical practice, including microfracture, osteochondral autograft transplantation (OAT), allogeneic cartilage transplantation, and implantation of processed allogeneic cartilage, while widely applied in clinical settings, all exhibit certain limitations and deficiencies [ [6] , [7] , [8] ]. For instance, microfracture may lead to inadequate defect filling and cartilage fibrosis [ 9 , 10 ]. OAT encounters issues related to donor site limitations and graft adaptation.…”

Energy metabolism as therapeutic target for aged wound repair by engineered extracellular vesicle

“…EV, mediating the communication of bioactive molecules (proteins, small RNAs, and DNA) between cells, can be secreted by almost all cell types ( 32 ). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have regenerative capacity, and EV derived from MSCs inherit the intrinsic regenerative potential ( 33 ). Compared to MSCs, EV have better stability, lower immunogenicity, and no risk of aneuploidy, which make it widely applied in tissue regeneration after various types of damage ( 34 ).…”