The power of relationships: Implications for safer and unsafe practices among injection drug users

Jackson, Lois; Parker, Joanne L.; Dykeman, Margaret; Gahagan, Jacqueline; Karabanow, Jeff

doi:10.1080/09687630802378872

Cited by 10 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Thus, they are experienced in relation to other people. Past work suggests that the sources of stigma also matter (Stutterheim et al, 2009; Jackson et al, 2010; Earnshaw et al, 2012). As such, the Stigma Framework hypothesizes stigma will manifest differently from different people (e.g., stereotypes about pill shopping from doctors, discrimination via lack of trust and social distancing from family members), and the impact of stigma may differ depending on from whom it is experienced.…”

Section: Introductonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substance use stigma: Reliability and validity of a theory-based scale for substance-using populations

Smith

Earnshaw

Copenhaver

et al. 2016

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

147

157

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Background Substance use disorders consistently rank among the most stigmatized conditions worldwide. Thus, substance use stigma fosters health inequities among persons with substance use disorders and remains a key barrier to successful screening and treatment efforts. Current efforts to measure substance use stigma are limited. This study aims to advance measurement efforts by drawing on stigma theory to develop and evaluate the Substance Use Stigma Mechanisms Scale (SU-SMS). The SU-SMS was designed to capture enacted, anticipated, and internalized substance use stigma mechanisms among persons with current and past substance use disorders, and distinguish between key stigma sources most likely to impact this target population. Methods This study was a cross-sectional evaluation of the validity, reliability, and generalizability of the SU-SMS across two independent samples with diverse substance use and treatment histories. Results Findings support the structural and construct validity of the SU-SMS, suggesting the scale was able to capture enacted, anticipated, and internalized stigma as distinct stigma experiences. It also further differentiated between two distinct stigma sources (family and healthcare providers). Analysis of these mechanisms and psychosocial metrics suggests that the scale is also associated with other health-related outcomes. Furthermore, the SU-SMS demonstrated high levels of internal reliability and generalizability across two independent samples of persons with diverse substance use disorders and treatment histories. Conclusion The SU-SMS may serve as a valuable tool for better understanding the processes through which substance use stigma serves to undermine key health behaviors and outcomes among persons with substance use disorders.

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Section: Introductonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substance use stigma: Reliability and validity of a theory-based scale for substance-using populations

Smith

Earnshaw

Copenhaver

et al. 2016

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

147

157

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The data further suggest that continued sharing of injecting equipment, especially in the case of being injected by some else, may be indicative of a range of other personal or social factors that may be involved in sharing practices, rather than a lack of access to equipment. While it is known that sharing of injecting equipment is more common among intimate partners (Bryant et al, 2010;Jackson et al, 2010), young or new users (Maher et al, 2006;van Beek et al, 1998) and in rural areas where access is poor (Aitken et al, 1999;Day et al, 2006), this is the first study to find an association between perceived stigma and discriminatory practices by NSP staff and injecting risk practices.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Perceived discrimination and injecting risk among people who inject drugs attending Needle and Syringe Programmes in Sydney, Australia

Wilson

Brener

Mao

et al. 2014

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…Previous research, from a variety of studies, presented below, of a heterogenous samples of drug dependent adults (most drawn from the community, with various types of drug addiction, and different urban and suburban settings in the US), reported similar findings to the current study. Regarding ethnic group membership, results of a previous study of female prisoners (Jackson et al 2010) and one of young “street” heroin-dependent individuals (Broz & Ouellet 2008) also found that Caucasian individuals were more likely to inject than African Americans. Authors of a recent literature review (Lawson, Herrara & Lawson 2011) reported that among heroin injectors, African Americans tend to have an older age at first injection than Caucasians.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Gender Differences among Prisoners with Pre-Incarceration Heroin Dependence Participating in a Randomized Clinical Trial of Buprenorphine Treatment

Gordon

Kinlock

Couvillion

et al. 2013

Journal of Offender Rehabilitation

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The primary focus of the current study is to examine whether gender and other baseline characteristics were significantly associated with more severe patterns of drug use. It involves data from 260 male and female pre-release prison inmates with pre-incarceration heroin dependence who enrolled in a randomized clinical trial of prison-initiated buprenorphine. Three outcomes are examined: 1) Lifetime Intravenous drug use; 2) Lifetime number of drugs used; and 3) Heroin use in prison. Regarding lifetime intravenous drug use; race (p = .0001), education (p = .009), age (p = .0001), and psychological treatment (p = .028) were significant. Concerning lifetime number of drugs used; race (p =.0001) and age of first crime (p = .001) were significant. Finally, gender (p = .004), was the only significant variable in terms of using heroin while in prison. All of these differences may have important clinical, treatment, and research implications, which are discussed.

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The power of relationships: Implications for safer and unsafe practices among injection drug users

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Substance use stigma: Reliability and validity of a theory-based scale for substance-using populations

Substance use stigma: Reliability and validity of a theory-based scale for substance-using populations

Perceived discrimination and injecting risk among people who inject drugs attending Needle and Syringe Programmes in Sydney, Australia

Gender Differences among Prisoners with Pre-Incarceration Heroin Dependence Participating in a Randomized Clinical Trial of Buprenorphine Treatment

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