The prediction of low- and mid-frequency internal road vehicle noise: A literature survey

Abstract

Over the past 40 years the low- and mid-frequency internal noise of road vehiles has been of increasing interest to both manufacturers and customers, and there have been many papers written on the subject. It is particularly important that manufacturers are able to predict the noise at an early stage of a new design so that expensive mistakes can be avoided. This paper reviews the relevant literature published over this 40 year period and concludes that the finite element method (FEM), and/or the boundary element method (BEM) are currently the most accurate ways of predicting this noise. However, although the emphasis of this review is on the low- and mid-frequency structure-borne aspect of the noise, other prediction methods (which are normally considered to be only applicable at high frequencies) are also considered. In particular, the statistical energy analysis (SEA) is shown to be an increasingly useful tool for predicting structure-borne noise, as is the newly developed FEM/SEA hybrid method. Other essentially high-frequency techniques are also considered in this review because recent research indicates that it might be possible to apply these methods over a broader frequency range than was initially envisaged.

Acoustic Metamaterials: A Potential for Cabin Noise Control in Automobiles and Armored Vehicles

“…Geometrical acoustics techniques, such as ray tracing or beam tracing, are typically used for architectural (or room) acoustics. Although a room is essentially an enclosure, these techniques are only accurate if the targeted wavelength is way smaller as compared to the dimensions of the enclosure [Lalor and Priebsch, 2007]. Thus, they are unsuitable for typical cabins, which are much smaller in size than a room or hall.…”

“…Interest in improving the methodology of SEA is still ongoing; evident from recent literature [Putra et al, 2015]. On the other hand, others attempted a different approach in improving SEA by combining it with FEM to achieve higher prediction accuracy in the lower frequency range [Blanchet and Caillet, 2014;Lalor and Priebsch, 2007;Zhao et al, 2013]. As such, the entire audible range of hearing can be covered (20 Hz to 20 kHz).…”

“…Several review papers can be found in the literature pertaining to cabin noise control in automobiles but only a few highlighted the drawbacks of existing methodologies. Moreover, none highlighted the potential of applying acoustic metamaterials in the cabins of automobiles and armored vehicles [Elliott, 2008;Genuit, 2004;Hansen, 2005;Lalor and Priebsch, 2007;Rao, 2003;Sestieri and Carcaterra, 2013]. In Sec.…”

High-order/ $$hp$$ -adaptive discontinuous Galerkin finite element methods for acoustic problems

“…This kind of methods seems to be the most accurate according to [1] and they come in a big variety: there are both polynomial based methods [11,12] and non-polynomial based methods [13][14][15][16].…”

“…In this paper we are going to consider the source model problem (1), which can be used to simulate the behavior of an acoustic system under the action of an external force. Equation (1) is the complex valued formulation of the Helmholtz's equation in a bounded and either polygonal or polyhedral domain Ω contained in R d , where d = 2, 3.…”