The predictive value of intraoperative visual evoked potential for visual outcome after extended endoscopic endonasal surgery for adult craniopharyngioma

Abstract

OBJECTIVE Due to the proximity of craniopharyngioma to the optic apparatus, one of the most common complications after surgery is visual deterioration. Intraoperative visual evoked potential (VEP), as a means of real-time visual function monitoring, has been integrated into transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma to predict postoperative visual outcome. Compared with pituitary tumor, craniopharyngioma often adheres to optic nerves, with increased risk of postoperative visual impairment. Furthermore, extended endoscopic endonasal surgery (EEES) can provide direct visualization of the surgical plane between the craniopharyngioma and the optic nerves, which contributes to analysis of the mechanism of real-time VEP changes during surgery. Therefore, VEP monitoring applied during EEES for craniopharyngioma may have more clinical value. However, only 9 patients who underwent EEES with VEP monitoring for craniopharyngioma have been sporadically reported to date. In this paper, the authors present the largest series to date analyzing the clinical value of VEP to predict postoperative visual outcome in adult patients with craniopharyngioma. METHODS Sixty-five adult patients who underwent EEES with intraoperative VEP monitoring for primary craniopharyngioma were retrospectively reviewed. The association between changes in VEP amplitude and postoperative visual outcome was determined. In addition, other potential prognostic factors with regard to postoperative visual outcomes were included in the analysis. RESULTS Gross-total resection was achieved in 59 patients (90.8%). Reproducible and stable VEP was recorded in 128 of 130 eyes (98.5%). During surgery, VEP remained stable in 108 eyes, 10 (9.3%) of which had new visual acuity (VA) and/or visual field (VF) defects after surgery. Transient VEP decrease was recorded in 15 eyes, 4 (26.7%) of which had visual deterioration. Of the 5 eyes with permanent VEP decrease, 3 (60%) experienced postoperative visual impairment. Permanent VEP decrease (OR 19.868, p = 0.007) and tight adhesion (OR 6.104, p = 0.040) were independent adverse factors for postoperative VA deterioration. Tight adhesion (OR 7.150, p = 0.002) and larger tumor volume (OR 1.066, p = 0.001) were significant risk factors for postoperative VF defects. CONCLUSIONS Intraoperative VEP monitoring can serve as a real-time warning to guide surgeons to avoid postoperative visual impairment. It effectively predicted VA changes in adult patients with craniopharyngioma after EEES. Tight adhesion and larger tumor volume were also strong predictors of postoperative visual impairment.

Prognostic Utility of Optical Coherence Tomography for Visual Outcome After Extended Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery for Adult Craniopharyngiomas

“…However, in consideration of age-related changes and sexual difference in OCT parameters, age and gender still needed to be considered in multivariate analysis when using cpRNFL thickness to make clinical prediction models [12,16,1,32]. Moreover, the present study demonstrated that tight adhesion between craniopharyngioma and optic nevers was an independent risk factor for postoperative visual outcome, which was simlair to our previous results [31]. [20], the extended endoscopic endonasal approach can provide a close-up view with better visualization of optic nerves and facilitate a lower visual deterioration after surgery[6, 29,34], probably because there was less surgical trauma.…”

Expanded Transsphenoidal Trans-Lamina Terminalis Approach to Tumors Extending Into the Third Ventricle: Technique Notes and a Single Institute Experience

“…In our study, visual function worsened in 18.2% of the patients. We also used intra-operative VEP monitoring to assess manipulation of the optic nerve in order to avoid surgical damage to visual function ( 11 ). We also tried to remove more bone from the optical canals to increase the mobilization of the optic chiasm, which can reduce manipulation injuries though TLTA ( 26 ).…”

“…All patients received intraoperative VEP monitoring to predict visual outcomes, as referred to in our previous work ( 11 ). More attention was given to VEP variations during the three stages of unroofing the optic canal, removing the tumor and reconstructing the skull base.…”

Prognostic Utility of Optical Coherence Tomography for Visual Outcome After Extended Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery for Adult Craniopharyngiomas

“…There is increasing evidence suggesting that preoperative OCT parameters can serve as excellent prognostic indicators of visual outcome after surgery for parasellar lesions, such as meningioma, pituitary adenoma, and craniopharyngioma (14,18,(33)(34)(35). Among these tumors, craniopharyngiomas often directly adhere to the undersurface of optic nerves or chiasm, with a higher risk of postoperative visual deterioration (36). Hence, it is helpful for patients with craniopharyngiomas to establish reliable multivariable prediction models to give them good counsel on visual prognosis.…”