Treatment of bovine pulmonary artery smooth muscle tissue microsomes with H202 (l mM) markedly stimulated protease activity tested with a synthetic substrate N-benzoyl-DLarginine p-nitroanilide (BAPNA), and also enhanced Ca 2+-ArPase activity. ATP-dependent Ca 2+ uptake was found to be stimulated upon treatment of the microsomes with n202.Pretreatment of the microsomes with vitamin E and aprotinin prevented the H202-induced stimulation of Ca2+-ATPase activity and also ATP-dependent Ca 2+ uptake. In contrast, H,O2-induced inhibition of Na+-dependent Ca 2+ uptake was reversed by vitamin E and aprotinin.