THE PREPARATION AND USE OF<sup>131</sup>I-TAGGED FIBRINOGEN TO DEMONSTRATE FIBRINOLYSIS

Clement, W.Elspeth; McNicol, G. P.

doi:10.1136/jcp.12.6.544

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The inhibitory effect of heparin on plasminogen activation is seen with a final concentration of 100 y per ml, or higher using the tagged human plasma clot, and of 33 y per ml, or higher using bovine fibrin as substrate. This does not necessarily indicate that the fibrin plate provides a more sensitive index of fibrinolytic activity than the Iodine 13 1-labeled plasma clot method, since the heparin concentration giving minimum inhibition must be located between 10 y per ml, and 100 y per ml, with the latter method, and between 3,3 y per ml, and 33 y per ml, with the former.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Determination of fibrinolysis of Iodine 131 -labeled human plasma clots: Nineteen volumes of plasma were mixed with one volume of Iodine 13 '-labeled fibrinogen solution. Plasma clots were formed by adding 0.1 ml thrombin solution, 50 units per ml, dissolved in CaC12 solution, 0.1 M., to 0.4 ml plasma-fibrinogen mixture in test tubes of 13 X 100 mm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interaction of Heparin with Fibrinolysis

Holemans¹,

Adamis²,

Horace³

1963

Thromb Haemost

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SummaryHeparin in high concentration inhibits the fibrinolysis of human plasma clots or bovine fibrin by fibrinolytic agents which produce plasminogen activation. Heparin has no effect on the fibrinolytic activity of plasmin or Aspergillus protease.In order to produce inhibition of plasminogen activation heparin requires the presence of a co-factor which is present in citrated human plasma but absent from its euglobulin fraction.In none of the concentrations tested has heparin an enhancing effect on fibrinolysis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of Heparin with Fibrinolysis

Holemans¹,

Adamis²,

Horace³

1963

Thromb Haemost

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“…The highly purified SEB as described by Schantz (11) was isotopically labeled using a modification of the method described by Talmage, Dixon, Bukantz, and Dammin (14) and Clement and McNicol (15). Ten mg of lyophilized toxin was dissolved in a sterile vaccine bottle in 2 ml of phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.4.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of specific antibody on the disappearance of staphylococcal enterotoxin B from blood.

Rapoport¹,

Hodoval²,

Grogan³

et al. 1966

J. Clin. Invest.

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Staphylococcus aureus produces a variety of toxins, enzymes, and metabolites, among which are enterotoxins A and B, exotoxins associated with certain outbreaks of food poisoning (2). Recent reports have established the lethal nature of enterotoxin B after its intravenous injection, with death in experimental animals characterized by profound shock (3-5). Fever and several other toxic manifestations of intravenously administered staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) resemble those of bacterial endotoxin (6-10). In view of a possible etiologic relationship of staphylococcal enterotoxin to the shock syndrome of staphylococcal sepsis, there has been surprisingly little investigation of intravenously administered enterotoxin.The purified toxin produced by Schantz and coworkers (11) has been characterized extensively. It was shown to be a simple protein, free of any detectable lipid or carbohydrate, having a molecular weight of approximately 35,000. Electrophoretic studies revealed its migration as a single component with an isoelectric point of pH 8.6. Serologic studies by means of the Oudin and Ouchterlony techniques indicated greater than 99%o homogeneity. It will withstand a temperature of 60°C for 16 hours without loss of toxicity.Previous work performed in our laboratory showed that SEB was cleared rapidly from the blood of experimental animals (4). It was observed further that animals surviving an initial challenge appeared to clear SEB at a somewhat slower rate after a second challenge. In contrast, * Submitted for publication September 28, 1965; accepted May 23, 1966.A portion of this work appeared in abstract form (1). In conducting the research described in this report, the investigators adhered to the principles of laboratory animal care as established by the National Society for Medical Research. other investigators have shown that the phenomenon of tolerance and immunity to bacterial endotoxins are characterized by increased, rather than delayed, rates of clearance (12, 13). In view of certain similarities in the toxic manifestations of these two bacterial products it seemed paradoxical that a degree of immunity might alter their clearance kinetics in opposite directions.The present report extends observations on the clearance rate of labeled SEB from the circulation of rhesus monkeys and demonstrates the marked alterations in clearance rate produced by acutely administered type specific antitoxins. MethodsAnimals. Healthy Macaca mulatta (rhesus) weighing 2.5 to 3.5 kg were placed at least 1 week preceding investigation in restraining chairs 'specially designed to permit study in a nonanesthetized state. These animals had no known previous experience with SEB, and each was used for only a single challenge with this toxin. On the day before study bilateral indwelling saphenous vein catheters were inserted, one to permit injection of the test materials and the second to allow repeated blood sampling.Labeling and administration of toxin. The highly purified SEB as described by Schantz (11) was isotopically lab...

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“…"'1I-tagged fibrinogen was prepared by the method of Clement and McNicol (1959) as modified by McNicol and Douglas (1964). Clottable radioactivity was about 92%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies with Complamin, a Nicotinic-acid/Theophylline Ester, as a Fibrinolytic Agent

McNicol¹,

Douglas²

1965

BMJ

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DiscussionImprovements in technique appear to allow endarterectomy to be performed below the inguinal ligament with a reasonable initial success rate. In this series it is 95 %. If the occluded segment is of limited length this operation is preferred to the femoro-popliteal bypass graft. In practice, however, the arteriogram often gives an inadequate assessment of the length of artery requiring endarterectomy. This is frequently much longer than is apparent radiologically.When the superficial femoral artery alone is the site of operation, the common femoral and popliteal arteries must be carefully scrutinized on the arteriograms. If any doubt exists about their adequacy they must be explored at operation, because disease above or below the superficial femoral endarterectomy may cause primary failure. When aorto-iliac occlusive disease is present in addition to disease below the inguinal ligament endarterectomy can be performed simultaneously above and below the inguinal ligament. In short occluded segments we prefer to use direct endarterectomy without stripping. In long occluded segments, if the atheromatous material separates easily, we use a stripper. Arteries are stripped under direct vision to ensure that no damage is done to the outer wall of the vessel, and any serious resistance to stripping requires a further arteriotomy. In all cases, whether stripping is done or not, the lowest limit of the endarterectomy is directly visualized through an arteriotomy, and the distal intima anchored where required.We believe that any arteriotomy distal to the common femoral artery should be closed with a vein or Dacron patch, and some common femoral arteriotomies also require this. Some surgeons recommend arteriography on the operating-table, after stripping to ensure that no atheromatous fragments are left in the arterial lumen (Wylie, Binkley, and Albo, 1964 Studies with Complamin, a Nicotinic-acid-Theophylline Ester, as a Fibrinolytic Agent G. P. McNICOL,* M.D., M.R.C.P.ED., M.R.C.P.GLASG.; A. S. DOUGLAS,* M.D., B.SC., F.R.C.P., F.R.C.P.GLASG., F.R.C.P.ED. Brit. mned. Y., 1965Brit. mned. Y., , 1, 1149Brit. mned. Y., -1153 Though the feasibility of thrombolytic therapy with fibrinolytic enzymes has now been demonstrated-for example, Fletcher et al. (1959)-the expense involved in the preparation of suitable enzymes and the difficulties in laboratory control of enzyme therapy have stimulated a search for non-enzymatic agents which when administered might stimulate production or release of fibrinolytic enzymes in the body. One such substance is nicotinic acid, which, fibrinolytically inert in vitro, was discovered by Meneghini and Piccinini (1958) and Weiner et al. (1958) to have the property of inducing intense but transient fibrinolytic activity when injected intravenously in man. Because of the short duration of the fibrinolytic response and the rapid development of resistance, attempts have been made to provide modified preparations of nicotinic acid with enhanced activity, and it is the purpose of this paper to d...

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THE PREPARATION AND USE OF¹³¹I-TAGGED FIBRINOGEN TO DEMONSTRATE FIBRINOLYSIS

Cited by 18 publications

References 5 publications

Interaction of Heparin with Fibrinolysis

Interaction of Heparin with Fibrinolysis

The influence of specific antibody on the disappearance of staphylococcal enterotoxin B from blood.

Studies with Complamin, a Nicotinic-acid/Theophylline Ester, as a Fibrinolytic Agent

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THE PREPARATION AND USE OF131I-TAGGED FIBRINOGEN TO DEMONSTRATE FIBRINOLYSIS

Cited by 18 publications

References 5 publications

Interaction of Heparin with Fibrinolysis

Interaction of Heparin with Fibrinolysis

The influence of specific antibody on the disappearance of staphylococcal enterotoxin B from blood.

Studies with Complamin, a Nicotinic-acid/Theophylline Ester, as a Fibrinolytic Agent

Contact Info

Product

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THE PREPARATION AND USE OF¹³¹I-TAGGED FIBRINOGEN TO DEMONSTRATE FIBRINOLYSIS