The glycoprotein fibronectin is thought to act as a biological adhesive and may be useful in attaining fibrous reattachment following periodontal surgery. In the present study the effects of fibronectin, with and without citric acid preconditioning of the root surfaces, were studied following periodontal surgery in cats. The experimental procedures included treatment of exposed root surfaces with citric acid, citric acid and fibronectin together or fibronectin alone, while the control tooth was root planed only. The effects were assessed in the laboratory 24 to 28 days after surgery. When citric acid and fibronectin were applied together, no epithelial proliferation along the root surface occurred and there was evidence suggesting a new fibrous tissue reattachment. Citric acid alone resulted in some new attachment at the base of the defect but epithelium had proliferated along the root surface. When fibronectin was used alone, the epithelium proliferated but there was evidence of windows of connective tissue reattachment to the root surface. Root planing in control teeth was followed by epithelial proliferation to the extent of the root planing. These results suggest that fibronectin when used in combination with citric acid demineralization may lead to enhanced connective tissue reattachment.