The preparation of carbon nanotubes by dc arc discharge using a carbon cathode coated with catalyst

Kim, Hyeon Hwan; Kim, Hyeong Joon

doi:10.1016/j.mseb.2006.02.072

Cited by 27 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…These nanotubes had outer diameter and length in the range of 15-55 nm and 231-561 nm, respectively, with mean aspect (l/d) ratio of 100. 38 These CNTs were used for their high stiffness 39 and low SSA 40 that reduced their tendency to reagglomerate. No surface modification or functionalization was carried out to preserve the outer graphitic shell of the tubes.…”

Section: Experimentation Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of short and straight carbon nanotubes on dispersion state and static/dynamic mechanical properties of woven glass fibre-reinforced polymer laminates

Singh

Gaurav

2018

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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This study reports about the dispersibility of short, straight and pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes (pCNTs) in epoxy and their effectiveness on the mechanical properties of three-phased GF/epoxy/pCNT laminates. These nanotubes were produced by arc discharge method and had an average aspect ratio (l/d) of 100. Glass fibre-reinforced polymer samples with four different weight fractions of these nanotubes (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 wt.% of the total matrix system) were fabricated and tested for their thermo-mechanical and mechanical properties. These carbon nanotubes with small aspect ratio contributed well to the strengthening mechanism due to their homogeneous dispersion. Fractography revealed that these nanotubes formed aligned arrays that minimized entanglements between the individual tubes, thus leading to lesser agglomerates up to 1.5 wt.% of carbon nanotube loading. However, the samples modified with 2.0 wt.% of nanotubes had lesser individual tubes and more of their aggregates. Unmodified glass fibre-reinforced polymer samples had a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 139.2℃, whereas addition of 1.5 wt.% of multi-walled carbon nanotubes increased the same to 160℃. Similarly, these specimens witnessed about 21% and 34% enhancement in tensile and flexure strength over the control samples, respectively. However, these trends dropped at 2.0 wt.% carbon nanotube loading owing to nanotubes aggregation but were higher than those of the neat epoxy composite. Samples containing carbon nanotubes witnessed higher fatigue life which proves that multi-walled carbon nanotubes with smaller aspect ratio are capable of obstructing fatigue crack growth.

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Section: Experimentation Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of short and straight carbon nanotubes on dispersion state and static/dynamic mechanical properties of woven glass fibre-reinforced polymer laminates

Singh

Gaurav

2018

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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“…9 Arc discharge method is used to produce highly crystalline CNTs with nearly perfect graphitic shell. 10 In theories, nanoparticles produced by this method are straighter and stiffer 11 but also impurities in the form of amorphous carbon particles, graphite pallets and non-tubular structure are present in so-formed multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). 12 In this context, Ebbesen and Ajayan 13 conducted experiment of carbon arcing in a reaction vessel with flowing inert gas at controlled and variable pressure with a low potential (18 V) and comparative high current (100 A).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bulk synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by AC arc discharge method

Singh

Chaudhary²,

Venugopal

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part N:

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This work proposes the production of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by AC arc discharging of spectroscopically pure graphite electrodes of different shapes, that is, movable cylindrical and stationary rectangular electrode by manual metal arc welding setup. Continuous arc was generated by maintaining the gap of about 3 mm between the electrodes which in turn formed the plasma zone. Vaporization of carbon cations followed by sudden quenching paved the way for formation of carbon nantotubes. Nanotubes produced were deposited on the stationary graphite electrode in the form of soot. Further extraction of the nanoparticles from the soot was performed by conducting series of purification processes which will be discussed in upcoming chapters. Morphology and purity of the extracted nanotubes were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Following the characterization process, it was observed that the so-produced nanotubes were of different shapes, that is, carbon cone nanotubes, nanocapsules, nanoparticles and branching type and randomly oriented. The length of the nanotubes varied from 231 to 561 nm, whereas diameter was found to be in the range of 14-55 nm.

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“…The effect of bimetallic catalysts on the process yield has been reported by Guo and co-workers (20). Although many studies have been performed on the synthesis of CNTs in the presence of metal catalysts, the role of catalysts on the formation mechanism of CNTs is not fully understood (19). Therefore, it is of interest to perform more experiments to probe the CNTs formation mechanism (21).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

On the Formation of SWCNTs and MWCNTs by Arc-Discharge in Aqueous Solutions: The Role of Iron Charge and Counter Ions

Gheytani

Shervin

Simchi

2011

Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures

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Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were synthesized in aqueous solutions containing FeCl 2 , FeCl 3 , FeSO 4 and Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 . The effects of iron charge and the counter ions on the formation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were investigated. Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis indicated that carbon multilayer structures including CNTs and multishell graphite particles were formed in deionized (DI) water without the iron precursor. SWCNTs were also synthesized in the presence of the iron ions. It was also found that the mole ratio of [Fe 2+ ]/[Fe 3+ ] in the solution has a significant influence on the purity of CNTs and the process yield. The highest yield was obtained at [Fe 2+ ]/[Fe 3+ ] = 1. The resultsrevealed that the two-stage nucleation and growth mechanisms of CNTs formation were affected by ferric and ferrous ions, respectively. The chloride anions exhibited more pronounced effect on the CNTs formation compared with that of sulfate ions; that is, CNTs with smaller diameter and thinner wall were synthesized.

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The preparation of carbon nanotubes by dc arc discharge using a carbon cathode coated with catalyst

Cited by 27 publications

References 33 publications

Effectiveness of short and straight carbon nanotubes on dispersion state and static/dynamic mechanical properties of woven glass fibre-reinforced polymer laminates

Effectiveness of short and straight carbon nanotubes on dispersion state and static/dynamic mechanical properties of woven glass fibre-reinforced polymer laminates

Bulk synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by AC arc discharge method

On the Formation of SWCNTs and MWCNTs by Arc-Discharge in Aqueous Solutions: The Role of Iron Charge and Counter Ions

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