The Presence of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide–Independent Haemophilus paragallinarum in México

García, A. J.; Angulo, E.; Blackall, P. J.; Ortiz, Antonio M.

doi:10.1637/7104

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Recently, biovar 2 isolates of [Haemophilus] paragallinarum have been identified in Mexico (García et al, 2004). While these biovar 2 isolates were not available for the current study, the Mexican isolates have been shown to be positive in the [Haemophilus] paragallinarum-specific PCR and have been allocated to existing Page serovars (García et al, 2004). This is strong evidence that these new Mexican biovar 2 isolates of [Haemophilus] paragallinarum are also typical of the species Avibacterium paragallinarum.…”

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confidence: 69%

“…Characters are scored as: +, 90 % or more of strains positive within 1-2 days; (+), 90 % or more of strains positive within 3-14 days; 2, less than 10 % of strains positive within 14 days; d, 11-89 % of strains positive; W, weakly positive. Recently, biovar 2 isolates of [Haemophilus] paragallinarum have been identified in Mexico (García et al, 2004). While these biovar 2 isolates were not available for the current study, the Mexican isolates have been shown to be positive in the [Haemophilus] paragallinarum-specific PCR and have been allocated to existing Page serovars (García et al, 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Reclassification of Pasteurella gallinarum, [Haemophilus] paragallinarum, Pasteurella avium and Pasteurella volantium as Avibacterium gallinarum gen. nov., comb. nov., Avibacterium paragallinarum comb. nov., Avibacterium avium comb. nov. and Avibacterium volantium comb. nov.

Blackall¹,

Christensen

Beckenham

et al. 2005

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

151

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Reclassification ofThis paper describes a phenotypic and genotypic investigation of the taxonomy of [Haemophilus] paragallinarum, Pasteurella gallinarum, Pasteurella avium and Pasteurella volantium, a major subcluster within the avian 16S rRNA cluster 18 of the family Pasteurellaceae. An extended phenotypic characterization was performed of the type strain of [Haemophilus] paragallinarum, which is NAD-dependent, and eight NAD-independent strains of [Haemophilus] paragallinarum. Complete 16S rRNA gene sequences were obtained for one NAD-independent and four NAD-dependent [Haemophilus] paragallinarum strains. These five sequences along with existing 16S rRNA gene sequences for 11 other taxa within avian 16S rRNA cluster 18 as well as seven other taxa from the Pasteurellaceae were subjected to phylogenetic analysis. The analysis demonstrated that [Haemophilus] paragallinarum, Pasteurella gallinarum, Pasteurella avium and Pasteurella volantium formed a monophyletic group with a minimum of 96?8 % sequence similarity. This group can also be separated by phenotypic testing from all other recognized and named taxa within the Pasteurellaceae. As both genotypic and phenotypic testing support the separate and distinct nature of this subcluster, the transfer is proposed of Pasteurella gallinarum, [Haemophilus] paragallinarum, Pasteurella avium and Pasteurella volantium to a new genus Avibacterium as Avibacterium gallinarum gen. nov., comb. nov., Avibacterium paragallinarum comb. nov., Avibacterium avium comb. nov. and Avibacterium volantium comb. nov. The type strains are NCTC 1118 T (Avibacterium gallinarum), NCTC 11296 T (Avibacterium paragallinarum), NCTC 11297 T (Avibacterium avium) and NCTC 3438 T (Avibacterium volantium). Key characteristics that separate these four species are catalase activity (absent only in Avibacterium paragallinarum) and production of acid from galactose (negative only in Avibacterium paragallinarum), maltose (negative only in Avibacterium avium) and mannitol (negative in Avibacterium gallinarum and Avibacterium avium).

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confidence: 69%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reclassification of Pasteurella gallinarum, [Haemophilus] paragallinarum, Pasteurella avium and Pasteurella volantium as Avibacterium gallinarum gen. nov., comb. nov., Avibacterium paragallinarum comb. nov., Avibacterium avium comb. nov. and Avibacterium volantium comb. nov.

Blackall¹,

Christensen

Beckenham

et al. 2005

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

151

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“…Previous reports in 1992 (16,22) refused to designate NAD-I isolates as A. paragallinarum because of the NAD independence, despite the fact that clinical signs and culture characteristics corresponded to A. paragallinarum. Later, there were other reports of IC caused by NAD-I A. paragallinarum from South Africa (10,21) and Mexico (14); the NAD-independent species of Haemophilus (15,27) contributed to the acknowledgment that both NAD-D and NAD-I should be accepted as A. paragallinarum (5).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, reports from South Africa (6,10,16,21) and Mexico (14), have demonstrated the isolation of NAD-independent (NAD-I) bacteria, supporting the idea that this requirement is not an obligatory characteristic for identifying the bacterium; consequently, both NAD-dependent (NAD-D) and NAD-I isolates are now recognized as A. paragallinarum (5).…”

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confidence: 90%

Naturally Occurring β-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide–IndependentAvibacterium paragallinarumIsolate in Peru

et al. 2015

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The β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) requirement has been considered to be essential for the isolation of the causal agent of infectious coryza, Avibacterium paragallinarum. Nevertheless, NAD-independent reports from South Africa and Mexico dismissed this paradigm. It is now accepted that both NAD-dependent and NAD-independent agents are able to cause infectious coryza and thus belong to the species A. paragallinarum. Here, we report for the first time in Peru a NAD-independent isolate from broiler chickens with typical signs of infectious coryza that have received a trivalent inactivated vaccine against infectious coryza. The isolate was identified based on its morphology, biochemical and serologic tests, and PCR results. Partial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis confirmed the isolate as A. paragallinarum. There have been no cases of NAD-independent A. paragallinarum isolates reported in South America. Increasing reports around the world highlight not only the need to reconsider the in vitro nutritional requirements of this species for its correct isolation but also the cross-protection conferred by commercial infectious coryza vaccines against NAD-independent isolates.

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“…While this organism has traditionally been regarded as requiring nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (V factor), but not haemin (X factor), for growth in vitro (Blackall & Matsumoto, 2003), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-independent forms have been recognized in both South Africa and México (Horner et al, 1992;Mouahid et al, 1992;Garcia et al, 2004). Two serotyping schemes exist*the Page scheme, which recognizes serovars A, B and C (Page, 1962); and the Kume scheme, which recognizes serogroups A, B and C with four serovars each within serogroups A and C (Blackall et al, 1990b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The vaccination-challenge trial: the gold standard test to evaluate the protective efficacy of infectious coryza vaccines

et al. 2008

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Infectious coryza is an upper respiratory tract disease of chickens with the major impact occurring in multiage flocks. We investigated the relationship between the level of antibodies, as detected by a haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) assay, in infectious coryza-vaccinated chickens and the protection against challenge in those chickens. In one experiment, chickens given a single dose of either of two infectious coryza vaccines lacked a detectable HI response to vaccination but showed significant levels of protection 11 weeks after vaccination. In contrast, in chickens given two doses of an infectious coryza vaccine and challenged 3 weeks after the second vaccine dose, there was a strong serological response with 36/40 birds having a HI titre of 1/20 or greater. In this trial there was an apparent relationship between titre and subsequent protection, with none of the 32 chickens with a titre of 1/40 or 1/80 showing any clinical signs and only one of the same group yielding the challenge organism on culture. In contrast, three of the four vaccinated chickens with a HI titre less than 1/5 developed the typical clinical signs of coryza and yielded the challenge organism on culture. Overall, our results suggest that HI titres cannot be regarded as a definitive predictor of vaccine efficacy. We suggest that the vaccination-challenge trial is the gold standard for the evaluation of the immune response to infectious coryza vaccines.

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The Presence of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide–Independent Haemophilus paragallinarum in México

Cited by 24 publications

References 20 publications

Reclassification of Pasteurella gallinarum, [Haemophilus] paragallinarum, Pasteurella avium and Pasteurella volantium as Avibacterium gallinarum gen. nov., comb. nov., Avibacterium paragallinarum comb. nov., Avibacterium avium comb. nov. and Avibacterium volantium comb. nov.

Reclassification of Pasteurella gallinarum, [Haemophilus] paragallinarum, Pasteurella avium and Pasteurella volantium as Avibacterium gallinarum gen. nov., comb. nov., Avibacterium paragallinarum comb. nov., Avibacterium avium comb. nov. and Avibacterium volantium comb. nov.

Naturally Occurring β-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide–IndependentAvibacterium paragallinarumIsolate in Peru

The vaccination-challenge trial: the gold standard test to evaluate the protective efficacy of infectious coryza vaccines

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