The presence of the head coach during a small-sided game: effects on players´ internal load and technical performance. [La presencia del entrenador durante un juego reducido: efectos sobre la carga interna y rendimiento técnico].

Abstract

The aim of the study was to examine whether the presence/absence of the head coach influenced soccer players´ heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and technical performance during a small-sided game (SSG). The participants in the study were 27 young male soccer players (age: 17.0 ± 1.0 years; height: 176.0 ± 5.2 cm; weight: 67.6 ± 7.9 kg; HRmax: 195.1 ± 0.7 bpm). The SSG were practiced with the presence (PHC) or absence (AHC) of the head coach. Each SSG had duration of 6 min followed by a 5 min rest period. Significant differences were observed for HRmax (PHC: 190.4 ± 10.8; AHC: 182.0 ± 11.9), HRmean (PHC: 175.3 ± 9.4; AHC: 167.0 ± 13.1), RPE (PHC: 7.6 ± 0.8; AHC: 5.8 ± 1.1) and >90% HRmax (PHC: 54.09 ± 33.14; AHC: 46.71 ± 35.61). Significant differences in 4 technical actions: % success in passing (PHC: 59.05 ± 23.11; AHC: 71.08 ± 18.69), % Unsuccessful Passes (UP) (PHC: 40.95 ± 23.11; AHC: 28.92 ± 18.69), Number of UP (PHC: 3.19 ± 1.69; AHC: 2.26 ± 1.58) and total number of control-conduction-passes (CCP) + Successful Passes (SP) (PHC: 0.81 ± 0.83, AHC: 0.52 ± 0.64). This study shows that the presence or not of the head coach during SSG significantly influences the intensity of the players and the technical/tactical actions.Key words: tactical-technical analysis; soccer, number of players; heart rate; rated of perceived exertion. A b s t r a c tCorrespondence/correspondencia: Moisés Falces Prieto Pablo de Olavide University, Sevilla, Spain Email: mfalpri@gmail.com El objetivo del estudio fue examinar como la presencia/ausencia del entrenador, influyó sobre la frecuencia cardíaca (FC), percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo (PSE) y rendimiento técnico durante un juego reducido (JR). Participaron 27 jugadores jóvenes (edad: 17.0 ± 1.0 años; altura: 176.0 ± 5.2 cm; peso: 67.6 ± 7.9 kg; FCmax: 195.1 ± 0.7 ppm). El JR fue realizado en presencia (PE) /ausencia (AE) del entrenador. Cada JR tuvo una duración de 6 min seguida de 5 min de recuperación. Se observaron diferencias significativas en la carga interna: PE (FCmax: 190.4 ± 10.8; FCmed: 175.3 ± 9.4; PSE: 7.6 ± 0.8 y >90% FCmax: 54.09 ± 33.14) AE (FCmax: 182.0 ± 11.9; FCmed: 167.0 ± 13.1; PSE: 5.8 ± 1.1 y >90% FCmax: 46.71 ± 35.61). Diferencias significativas en acciones técnicas: % Pases correctos (PE: 59.05 ± 23.11; AE: 71.08 ± 18.69) % Pases incorrectos (PE: 40.95 ± 23.11; AE: 28.92 ± 18.69), Número de pases incorrectos (PE: 3.19 ± 1.69; AE: 2.26 ± 1.58) y número total de control-conducción-pase correcto (PE: 0.81 ± 0.83, AE: 0.52 ± 0.64). Este estudio demuestra que la presencia o no del entrenador durante un juego reducido tiene influencia significativa en la intensidad y rendimiento técnico-táctico de los jugadores.Palabras clave: análisis técnico-táctico; fútbol; número de jugadores; frecuencia cardiaca; percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo. R e s u m e nReceived: October 7, 2014 / Accepted: 16 February 16, 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2015.04104Falces-Prieto, M.; Casamichana D.; Sáez-Sáez de Villareal, E.; Requena-Sánchez, B.; Carling, C.; S...

Effect of Coach Encouragement on the Psychophysiological and Performance Responses of Young Tennis Players

“…One of the main findings of the study is that players had higher physiological responses (HR, %HR max and RPE levels) in OTDs when CE was provided. The results from the present study are consistent with many studies of small sided games (SSGs) in soccer, which supports the hypothesis that CE helps increase psychophysiological responses in game-based training drills [14,15,16,17,18]; when coaches offer encouragement, players tend to try harder.…”

“…In addition to these results, young tennis players had greater HR and %HR max responses in OTDs with CE compared to those where there was no CE. Several studies have previously shown that CE increases game or exercise intensity, especially in young players [15,16,18]. For example, Rampinini et al [17] showed that CE (compared to lack of CE) induced higher %HR max responses during four-a-side SSGs.…”

“…Many previous studies have shown that performance is affected by physical, technical and tactical factors [8,13]. Although these are not the only relevant factors, previous studies have observed that coach encouragement (CE) is a key factor for training and exercise motivation especially in young players [14,15,16]. For example, in a study of the effects of CE during game-based soccer training, Rampinini et al [17] showed that physiological responses such as heart rate, blood lactate levels, concentration, and rating of perceived exertion were all significantly higher during exercises with CE compared to those where no encouragement was offered.…”

“…While many studies have examined the effects of CE in team sports, especially soccer [14,15,16,17,18] no study so far has investigated the effects of CE on the psychophysiological and performance responses of tennis players. Such analysis may help to understand the impact of coaches’ encouragement on the player’s intensity, thus being an interesting approach to improve the coaching process and determine encouragement as one more task condition to add in adjusting the practice conditions [19].…”

Small-Sided Games as a Methodological Resource for Team Sports Teaching: A Systematic Review

“…Lastly, there was also one study in which the effects of the coach's presence or absence were analysed [71]. It was concluded that the coach's presence made players stressed or uncomfortable, having a negative effect on technical aspects like successful passing.…”