The Prevalence and Balance of Care for Intellectual Disability: Secondary Analyses of the OPCS Disability Surveys

Kavanagh, Shane; Opit, L. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1999.tb00071.x

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In contrast to the 30% of children in out-offamily placements in 1970 shown in Table 1, Kavanagh and Opit [1999] reported a 3% rate in the OPCS Disability Surveys of the mid 1980s.…”

Section: Scope and Nature Of Residential Arrangementscontrasting

confidence: 57%

“…Table 2 compares the 1963 Wessex survey results with age-specific rates derived from the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS) Disability Surveys undertaken in the mid-1980s [Kavanagh and Opit, 1999] and recent data from the Sheffield Case Register which give some evidence of an expanding, aging population. However, it should be remembered that changes in rates for childhood ages may reflect changes in identification rather than prevalence.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Mental Retardationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even then, most children with mental retardation lived in Kushlick and Cox [1973]. b Kavanagh and Opit [1999]. c Sheffield Register data.…”

Section: England and Wales: The Situation In 1960 -1970mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Living circumstances of children and adults with mental retardation or developmental disabilities in the united states, canada, england and wales, and australia

Braddock

Emerson

Felce

et al. 2001

Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev.

160

131

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The purpose of this article was to collate evidence to describe where people with mental retardation or developmental disabilities live in five developed countries: United States, Canada, England, Wales, and Australia. Family homes are important dwelling places for people with mental retardation. They are the home of the great majority of children with mental retardation and a considerable proportion of adults with mental retardation. The likelihood of placement outside the family home increases with adulthood and progressively as people age. Adults with mental retardation live in a wide variety of settings, with formal residential provision frequently dependent on the arrangements that the authorities responsible for providing service support have chosen to make. There has been a considerable move away from accommodating people in large segregated and geographically isolated institutions in the countries considered. However, the current range of accommodation includes much with a distinctively different character to the homes where other citizens live. Many people still live in larger groups than would be ordinarily found in typical homes and this may necessitate departure from the architectural norm. In all of the countries considered, there has been a recent trend towards small community settings, compatible with typical housing architecture. This appears furthest advanced in the U.S. but is discernible elsewhere. Availability of residential services at a national level varies between 100 and 155 places per 100,000 total population. Regional variation within countries is even greater. In no case is the national availability considered adequate to meet the demand arising from changing need or expectations. MRDD Research Reviews 7:115-121, 2001. (c) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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“…In contrast to the 30% of children in out-offamily placements in 1970 shown in Table 1, Kavanagh and Opit [1999] reported a 3% rate in the OPCS Disability Surveys of the mid 1980s.…”

Section: Scope and Nature Of Residential Arrangementscontrasting

confidence: 57%

Section: Prevalence Of Mental Retardationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Living circumstances of children and adults with mental retardation or developmental disabilities in the united states, canada, england and wales, and australia

Braddock

Emerson

Felce

et al. 2001

Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev.

160

131

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Accurate information with regards to the total population of people with ID across the three boroughs was not available. Kavanagh & Opit (1999) suggested an overall prevalence of ID in children and adults of 3.5 per 1000 population (based on the OPCS disability survey). The above authors acknowledged some difficulties with this data – mainly the lack of confirmation by IQ scores – but this rate would be consistent with other epidemiological data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenging behaviour in community services

Joyce

Ditchfield

Harris

2001

J intellect Disabil Res

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The implementation of community care in the UK has led to the requirement that services should be able to meet the needs of adults with intellectual disability (ID) and additional needs in terms of challenging behaviour. However, the extent to which people with challenging behaviour are present in the community and the extent to which community services can support them effectively still requires significant research. The present study examines the prevalence of challenging behaviour amongst adults with ID residing in three London boroughs and the issues which arise from service delivery to this client group. All service providers and general practitioners in the area were contacted and asked to identify any individuals with ID and challenging behaviour. All responses were screened, and then key staff were interviewed for information on a range of demographic factors and on the Checklist of Challenging Behaviour. The reliability of the instrument was also assessed. Four hundred and forty-eight individuals were identified from a total borough population of 670 000. There was consistency in the types of behaviour which were frequently identified across the three boroughs. There were significant levels of self-injury as well as a range of behaviours of the 'hard to engage' type. Most individuals had more then one challenging behaviour and some individuals with seriously aggressive behaviour used local community services. Twenty-five per cent of the sample lived at home with their families and 50% were in community residential services. The boroughs differed in their ability to manage those with challenging behaviour in that one borough had many more people placed out-of-borough. Significant numbers of individuals with challenging behaviour were living in the community. The range and number of behaviours suggest that staff need to be very skilled in supporting such individuals, and that effective planning and support are essential if people with challenging behaviour are to be maintained in community settings.

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“…It is unusual for economic models estimated on cross-sectional data to produce high levels of statistically explained variance (Kavanagh and Opit, 1999). However, with only between 14 and 17 per cent of the observed cost variations explained, the overall conclusion is that resources are not particularly well targeted on these children's needs.…”

Section: Needs and Costsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Children with severe learning disabilities: needs, services and costs

Beecham

Chadwick²,

Fidan

et al. 2002

Children & Society

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This study looks at how services are used by children with severe learning disabilities living at home and explores the associated total and component costs. Multivariate and bivariate analyses are employed and the results interpreted alongside information on parents' perceptions of their children's needs for healthcare. There is some evidence to suggest costs were associated with greater needs but there is also evidence of under-provision of formal care supports, particularly mental health services.

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The Prevalence and Balance of Care for Intellectual Disability: Secondary Analyses of the OPCS Disability Surveys

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

Living circumstances of children and adults with mental retardation or developmental disabilities in the united states, canada, england and wales, and australia

Living circumstances of children and adults with mental retardation or developmental disabilities in the united states, canada, england and wales, and australia

Challenging behaviour in community services

Children with severe learning disabilities: needs, services and costs

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